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11.
Recent decades have seen significant advances in research on the relationship between nationalist ideology and organized violence. New scholarship has paid much closer attention to the microdynamics of violence, the strikingly uneven distribution of violence, the relationship between master cleavages and intimate local and personal struggles, and to process, history, and contingency. Nationalist ideology is understood to be bound up intimately with institutions and with everyday relationships at the local level. We introduce the contributions to this special issue, outlining the way in which they highlight the power of ideas, narratives, and microlevel solidarity in mobilization for violence and how they address the crucial importance of territoriality in linking ideas and action. 相似文献
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Tim Hayward 《Political studies》2006,54(2):349-369
What should a political theorist say about the justice of the global distribution of natural resources? One issue is whether principles of distributive justice should be applied globally, and this has been debated between nationalists and cosmopolitans. A second, though, is how the category of 'natural resources' should be conceived in relation to other distributable goods. This has not adequately been addressed even by theorists of global justice who expressly focus on natural resources. In particular, neither Charles Beitz's argument for a natural resources redistribution principle nor David Miller's argument against works with a satisfactory account of how the physical distribution of resources relates to the distribution of their economic value. A more satisfactory account can be developed from the perspective of ecological economics as inspired by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen. From this perspective, global inequalities in the command of natural resources can be viewed with the clarity that a normative theory of their justice requires. If natural resources are re-conceptualised in terms of 'ecological space', Beitz's argument can be recast and vindicated. The re-conceptualisation is necessary to overcome the problems with the original version, as is shown by reference to the existing alternative formulations of Hillel Steiner and Thomas Pogge. 相似文献
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We estimate the impact of having attended centre-based daycare institutions during early childhood on math test scores at the fourth grade level of elementary school. We find evidence that daycare attendance has a net impact on math proficiency, and that the effects are heterogeneous. The effect of daycare and kindergarten attendance on proficiency varies according to mother’s education. The effects of the impact of daycare vary from ?0.28 standard deviation for mothers with no education to 0.42 standard deviation for mother’s with college or more. 相似文献
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Using one mock trial scenario, this study investigated whether religious and demographic factors were related to death penalty
attitudes and sentencing verdicts. Those who favored the death penalty differed from those who had doubts about the penalty
in gender, affiliation, fundamentalism, evangelism, literal Biblical interpretism, beliefs about God’s attitudes toward murders,
and perceptions of how their religious groups felt about the death penalty. These relationships generally held after mock
jurors were death qualified. Gender, fundamentalism, literal interpretism, beliefs about God’s death penalty position, and
perceptions of how one’s religious group felt about the death penalty predicted death penalty sentencing verdicts. Future
research could determine whether using peremptory challenges to exclude potential jurors based on religion can help lawyers
choose a more favorable jury.
The present research was supported by the National Science Foundation award number 0351811, the Society for the Psychological
Study of Social Issues, the American Psychology-Law Society, and the University of Nebraska Law-Psychology Program. This research
was presented at the 2006 conference of the American Psychology-Law Society. The authors are grateful for the research assistance
of Nick Fanning and Beth Herschlag and for the helpful comments from Brian Bornstein, Rich Wiener, Bob Schopp, Dick Dienstbier,
and several anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
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Octavio Carvajal‐Zarrabal Ph.D. Patricia M. Hayward‐Jones M.Sc. Cirilo Nolasco‐Hipolito Ph.D. Dulce Ma. Barradas‐Dermitz M.Sc. Ana Laura Calderón‐Garcidueñas M.D. Ph.D. Noé López‐Amador M.D. M.S.F.Sc. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(5):1332-1335
In the daily practice of forensic pathology, sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a diagnostic challenge. Our aim was to determine the usefulness of blood biomarkers [creatine kinase CK‐MB, myoglobin, troponins I and T (cTn‐I and T), and lactate dehydrogenase] measured by immunoassay technique, in the postmortem diagnosis of SCD. Two groups were compared, 20 corpses with SCD and 8 controls. Statistical significance was determined by variance analysis procedures, with a post hoc Tukey multiple range test for comparison of means (p < 0.05). SCD cases showed significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of cTn‐T and cTn‐I compared to the control group. Although only cases within the first 8 h of postmortem interval were included, and the control group consisted mainly of violent death cases, our results suggest that blood troponin levels may be useful to support a diagnosis of SCD. 相似文献
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Matthew J. Sharps Jessica Janigian Adam B. Hess Bill Hayward 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2009,24(1):36-44
Although eyewitness memory and identification have captured substantial research interest in the past decades, an understanding
of the types and prevalence of errors typically made by eyewitnesses is lacking. The purpose of the present research was to
begin the development of a taxonomy of eyewitness error, employing standardized stimuli and established techniques. Respondents
were exposed to a crime scene modeled on SWAT-training scenarios for systematically varied exposure times, and were then asked
to describe what they had seen. The stimuli and questions employed were prepared with the aid of senior police field training
officers. As anticipated, eyewitness performance in general was subject to a variety of inaccuracies. Physical errors, such
as mistakes in the clothing or physical characteristics of the perpetrator, or in details of the environmental context, predominated.
However, other less-expected errors were also observed: in relatively low numbers of cases, witnesses inferred emotional states
or intent on the part of the perpetrator or victim. Some contributed wholly artificial backstories, reported the future actions
of the perpetrator or victim as memories, or even inserted themselves into the scene. The pattern of results was shown to interact with exposure time, gender of the
perpetrator, and the presence or absence of weapons in the scene. The results of this study are consistent with reconfigurative
theory dating to Bartlett (1932), with subsequent research, and with more recent work under the aegis of Gestalt/Feature-Intensive Processing theory. These
findings provide information on types and prevalence of eyewitness error which should prove useful in investigative and courtroom
settings. 相似文献
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David G. Becker Lawrence C. Mayer Jack Donnelly Jock Anderson Peter Hazell Jay Weinstein Fred M. Hayward Leon Zamosc Jan Knippers Black Jacquline A. Braveboy-Wagner Jeff Brannon George W. Grayson M. Francis Abraham Warren C. Robinson Claude E. Welch Leslie Anderson Juan M. del Aguila Cornelia Flora 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1991,26(3):88-127
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In this article I examine the multifaceted nature of the French actress Simone Signoret, an international star whose film career spanned 40 years (1945–1985). This study investigates the different ways in which her performances and her body-as-performance can be read. It also takes on board the complex intertextuality of this star, who was not just a textual embodiment of the political and historical times in which she lived, but also a woman who was before her times, and as such, was extremely modern. The article argues that for this reason she was a star who disturbed and that her performances, throughout her long career, challenged the perceived notions of femininity and the place of women in society. As such, Signoret offered a new set of possibilities for women to engage with in terms of their identity within the social order of things, possibilities that suggested that identities, including sexual identity and agency, need not be fixed, but are constantly able to be negotiated and rethought. 相似文献