Vergabewettbewerb als Instrument. Zur Renaissance politischer Instrumentalisierung des Vergaberechts

Die Rede von "vergabefremden" Kriterien oder "Sekundärzwecken" der Vergabe stößt in der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung in aller Regel auf Skepsis und Mahnungen zur Vorsicht. Denn einer verstärkten Ausrichtung des Vergaberechts an "außerökonomischen" politischen Zielsetzungen wird das Potential zugemessen, die Funktionalität des Vergabewettbewerbs zu beeinträchtigen und damit dem vergaberechtlichen Ordnungsanliegen insgesamt zuwider zu laufen. Nichts desto trotz ist das Vergaberecht seit jeher und bis heute in einem signifikanten Ausmaß durch Ansätze einer politischen Instrumentalisierung geprägt. Bemerkenswerter Weise wird aktuell vor allem auf europäischer Ebene der Ruf nach einer ganzheitlichen, strategischen Beschaffungspolitik der Mitgliedstaaten, die bei der Auftragsvergabe auch politische Ziele und insoweit Interessen abseits der Sicherung der betriebswirtschaftlichen Effizienz der Beschaffung in den Blick nimmt, immer lauter. Der Beitrag will die Kernbedingungen der Nutzung des Vergabewettbewerbs als Instrument aufzeigen und Grenzen seiner Leistungsfähigkeit ausloten.     

Alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses' memory of intimate partner violence

Alcohol affects memory in many, and mostly negative, ways. This is a problem in legal contexts as many witnesses are alcohol intoxicated when taking part of the critical event. However, research is sparse regarding how, and under what circumstances, the reports of alcohol intoxicated witnesses differ from those of sober witnesses. This study investigated whether alcohol intoxicated and sober eyewitnesses differ regarding completeness, accuracy, and type of information reported, as well as whether gender influenced these variables. Eighty-seven healthy men (n = 44) and women (n = 43) received either an alcoholic beverage (0.7 g/kg) or a control (juice) in a laboratory setting before viewing a film picturing intimate partner violence. Ten minutes after viewing the film, they were interviewed. Reports by alcohol intoxicated women were less complete, but as accurate, as sober women's. In contrast, intoxicated and sober men did not differ regarding completeness or accuracy. Furthermore, compared with sober women, intoxicated women reported fewer actions but no difference was found between the groups regarding reported objects. At this moderate dose, alcohol affected women's reports more than men's, which may be because alcohol affects attention and memory consolidation more clearly at a lower dose for women than for men.     

The European Union and Mercosur: A case of inter-regionalism

The article reviews the relation between two regional integration arrangements, the European Union and Mercosur, under three aspects: trade and investment, international negotiations and the institutional dimension. Tracing the agenda and issues dealt with between the two, leading to a project of a transatlantic free trade area, reveals that trade issues, one of two 'pillars' of reference, are important. However, the most influential results have stemmed so far from the other 'pillar', the political one. These results may be seen in the EU's role as a 'road map' for Mercosur's institutional trajectory, and second, as a signal for the private sector in furthering industrial networks within the ongoing world economic restructuring. The objective, thus, is to highlight how the relationship may interact with two encompassing processes: the shaping of regionalism/s, in particular the Mercosur case, and the so-called globalisation process.     

Challenges and Opportunities in Chinese Foreign Policy

The CSCE in the 1990s: constructing European security and cooperation I ed. by Michael R. Lucas. ‐ Baden‐Baden : Nomos Verl.‐Ges., 1993. ‐ xxvii, 396 p. ‐(Democracy, security, peace; 83). ‐ ISBN 3–7890–3213–1

II diritto umanitario al di là della soglia dei conflitti armati: situazioni di tensioni e disordini interni, sommosse e atti di violenza I Gabriella Arrigo. ‐ Roma : Gangemi Editore, c.1992. ‐ 191 p. ‐ ISBN 88–7448–373–2

European non‐proliferation policy: 1988–1992 / Harald Müller (ed.). ‐ Brussels : European Interuniversity Press, [1993?]. ‐ 259 p. ‐ (La cite europeenne; 4). ‐ISBN 90–5201–305–5

Geopolitica delle multinazionali I Fabrizio Fuga. ‐ Ospedaletto [Pisa] : Pacini Editore, c.1993. ‐ 182 p. ‐ (I volti della geografia; 1)

L'identité européenne : analyses et propositions pour le renforcement d'une Europe pluraliste I une étude de la Trans European Policy Studies Association ; Robert Picht (ed.). ‐ [Brussels] : Presses Interuniversitaires Européennes, c.1994. ‐ 285 p. ‐ (L'Europe plurielle; 4). ‐ ISBN 90–5201–307–1

II Mezzogiorno nel processo di internazionalizzazione I ISVE ‐ Istituto di Studi per lo Sviluppo Economico. ‐ Milano : II Sole 24 Ore, 1993. ‐ XII, 242 p. ‐ ISBN 88–7187–257–6

The pursuit of reform : global finance and the developing countries I Richard N. Cooper... [et al.]; ed. by Jan Joost Teunissen. ‐ The Hague : FONDAD, 1993. ‐196 p. ‐ ISBN 90–74208–03–7

Traffico petroliero nel Mediterraneo: aspetti ambientali e implicazioni economiche I Ugo Bilardo e Giuseppe Mureddu. ‐ Roma : Unione Petrolifera, 1992. ‐ 213 p.     

Faculty Entrepreneurs and Research Productivity

In this paper, we analyze the research productivity of faculty entrepreneurs at 15 research institutes using a novel database combining faculty characteristics, licensing information, and journal publication records. We address two related research questions. First, are faculty entrepreneurs more productive researchers (“star scientists”) compared to their colleagues? Second, does the productivity of faculty entrepreneurs change after they found a firm? We find that faculty entrepreneurs in general are more productive researchers than control groups. We use multiple performance criteria in our analysis: differences in mean publication rate, skewness of publication rate, and impact of publications (journal citation rate). These findings bring together previous work on star scientists by Zucker, Darby, and Brewer [Zucker, L. G., Darby M. R., &; Brewer M. B. (1998). The American Economic Review, 88, 290–306.] and tacit knowledge among university entrepreneurs by Shane [Shane, S. (2002). Management Science, 48, 122–137.] and Lowe [Lowe, R. A. (2001). In G. Libecap (Ed.) Entrepreneurial Inputs and Outcomes. Amsterdam: JAI Press, Lowe, R.A. (2006). Journal of Technology Transfer, 31(4), 412–429]. Finally, we find that faculty entrepreneurs’ productivity not only is greater than their peers but also does not decrease following the formation of a firm.     

Tort Reform and Physician Sanctioning

This article examines the relationship between changes in tort rules and the sanctioning of physicians by state medical boards. It compares the sanctioning rates for doctors in states that have passed tort reforms with the rates in states that have not made legislative changes. It concludes that alterations to the joint liability rule may have increased sanctioning, while the addition of pre–trial screening panels and regulation of attorney fees may have limited the number of physicians who receive punishment.