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141.
Davidson PL Taylor MC Wilson SJ Walsh KA Kieser JA 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(5):1339-1342
Gunshot backspatter comprises biological material expelled backward through bullet entry holes. Crime scene investigators analyze backspatter patterns to infer wounding circumstances. An understanding of the mechanism of backspatter generation, and the relationship between spatter patterns and bullet and tissue characteristics, would enhance the predictive value of such analysis. We examined soft-tissue ballistic wounding responses to determine the underlying components and how these might be relevant to the generation of backspatter. We identified five mechanistic components to ballistic wounding (elastic, viscous, crushing, cutting, and thermal), each related to mechanical disciplines (respectively, solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, fracture mechanics, rheology, and thermodynamics). We identified potential roles for these five components in backspatter formation and provide a scenario whereby a sequence of events incorporating these components could lead to backspatter generation and expulsion. This research provides a framework for the mathematical representation, and subsequent computational predictive modeling, of backspatter generation and pattern formation. 相似文献
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An estimated 1.6 million youth run away from home each year. While on the run, these youth are vulnerable to exploitation,
victimization, increased dangers and perpetration of criminal behavior. Runaway and homeless youth are far more likely to
engage in substance use and delinquent behavior, drop out of school and suffer from sexually transmitted diseases and mental
illness at greater rates than the norm. Timely and direct intervention in runaway and throwaway cases is imperative to protect
youth from the high risks of living on the streets. National Safe Place is an outreach and prevention program that is uniquely
designed to provide immediate safety and access to services for any youth in need. In partnership with over 360 youth serving
agencies and over 10,000 businesses and community organizations across the United States, the Safe Place program educates
youth about alternatives to running away and homelessness and provides easily accessible links to service providers. Ongoing
data collection indicates that National Safe Place has been successful in reaching endangered youth at risk of abuse, neglect
or serious family problems but that expanded program models remain needed. The challenges and successes of current programming
and the future of National Safe Place program expansion are discussed. 相似文献
145.
Margaret Walsh 《Women's history review》2013,22(2):307-318
This viewpoint discusses the absence of women from the economic history of the USA. During the past 25 years American economic historians have been so concerned with conceptual and methodological arguments within the discipline that they have failed to examine the female factor. Though many practitioners might consider that women have had little input into marketplace activities in the past, their attitudes stem from conventional ways of examining both issues and data. A more balanced and realistic approach to writing American economic history will entail seeing women as an integral part of past economic change. To do this will involve asking different questions of the past ‐ both of new and existing sources. American economic history could greatly benefit from looking at changes in both history and economics. 相似文献
146.
Margaret Walsh 《Women's history review》2013,22(2):181-202
Traditional approaches to business history have assumed masculine norms. As such, women have either been ignored or treated as marginal. Though women's and gendered history have changed the face and interpretations of most branches of historical research, business historians reacted slowly. The recent refocusing of the business ‘malestream’ is still in its infancy, but its potential to make profitable contributions is far reaching. To date American historians have done much of the refocusing, but Europeans are now involved in incorporating female endeavours. In examining the reshaping of male business cultures this article considers both the deconstruction of the ‘master’ narrative and the alternatives offered by gendered business histories 相似文献
147.
Constitutional courts as arbiters of post-conflict territorial self-government: Bosnia and Macedonia
Dawn Walsh 《Regional & Federal Studies》2019,29(1):67-90
Constitutional and supreme courts frequently end up examining the political and legal questions at the heart of peace agreements and post-conflict constitutions. Where a peace agreement has included territorial self-government (TSG) provisions courts are often endowed with the capacity to adjudicate disputes between state and sub-state levels of government. The effectiveness of courts in fulfilling this role as not been comprehensively examined. This article fills this important gap examining whether the results of existing research on the role of constitutional and supreme courts in resolving disputes in traditional federalism also apply in these particular circumstances. It finds that where TSG is used as a conflict management mechanism judicial review can have centralizing tendencies if this occurs it can largely be attributed to the processes used to select though the devolutionary multinational nature of the states is also relevant. 相似文献
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Simon J. Walsh Ph.D. James M. Curran Ph.D. John S. Buckleton Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(5):1174-1183
Abstract: Over the past decade or more, DNA databases have been a focal point of development for the forensic field. Using this approach, forensic and law enforcement agencies have aided millions of investigations, many of which would remain unsolved but for the intelligence links provided from DNA database comparison. However, despite their widespread use and increasingly broad legislative and operational reach, there has been limited overarching performance modeling or reflection on drivers of operational or financial efficiency. This study derives an inferential model for DNA database performance using data from major national DNA database programs. Parameters that optimize desirable database outputs (matches) are isolated and discussed, as is an approach for maximizing financial efficiency and minimizing ethical impact. This research takes important steps toward identifying measures of performance for forensic DNA database operations. 相似文献
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