Liability for sexual harassment in criminal justice agencies

This article focuses on sexual harassment in criminal justice agencies from a legal perspective. The article briefly describes sexual harassment cases that address agency liability decided by the United States Supreme Court, discussing the standards of liability articulated in Burlington Industries Inc. v. Ellerth (1998), Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998), and Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986). A more precise understanding of when agencies are liable for the actions of their subordinates is developed through an examination of lower federal court decisions. Trends in the law are identified, as case law is categorized according to harassment by supervisors and co-workers. The article concludes by exploring the policy implications flowing from court decisions and by calling for further research on this troubling aspect of the criminal justice workplace.     

A Marx for the twenty-first century?

Among his many books are The Credential Society: An Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification; Conflict Sociology: Toward an Explanatory Science; Three Sociological Traditions; Sociology Since Mid-Century: Essays in Theory Cumulation;and Conflict Sociology: Toward an Explanatory Science.     

Recognition accuracy,stereotypic preference,aversion, and subjective judgment of body appearance in adolescents and young adults

Accuracy of body image, stereotypic preference, and aversion to body types were investigated in two studies. Using line drawings of 19 somatotypes in three orientations, 160 subjects in four age groups selected preferred, least preferred, and self-estimates of their own body types. Five independent ratings were made by judges of the subjects' body type. Females underestimated and males tended to overestimate their body dimensions. Both sexes overwhelmingly chose the endomorph as the least preferred somatotype. The consensus among females was to prefer slim figures and among males to prefer a medium muscular physique. In the second study three aspects of body image were studied by adjusting one's image on a television monitor that displayed a whole continuum of self-images from ectomorphy to endomorphy. Subjective body images were found to lie between the objective somatotype and the ideal.Received M.A. (Hons I) and Ph.D. from University of Sydney. Fellow of the Australian Psychological Society. Principal research interest is psychology of adolescence.Received B.A. (Hons) from Macquarie University; now a postgraduate student at Macquarie University. Principal research interest is clinical psychology.     

A review of the methodological aspects of aspartic acid racemization analysis for use in forensic science.

Accurate age determination of adult cadavers and human remains is a key requirement in forensic practice. The current morphological methods lack accuracy and precision, require specialist training and are costly. The use of aspartic acid racemization (AAR) in human dentine provides a simple, cost-effective solution and the method can achieve accuracies of +/- 3 years at best. Currently, there are differences in AAR methodology between laboratories which produce different results on the rate of racemization in teeth. These inconsistencies must be resolved if the technique is to be successfully applied to age determinations in forensic cases. This paper reviews the differences in protocol which have been used, discusses how each method will affect the results obtained from AAR analysis and gives recommendations for optimization of the methological protocol as a first step towards international standardization.     

Health systems decentralization and human resources management in low and middle income countries

The aim of this article is to explore the experiences of human resources management in the context of health sector decentralization. The initial review of health sector decentralization covers issues relating to the context, content, formulation/implementation and impact of decentralization. The review of the literature on human resources management (HRM) and decentralization has identified a number of key points that are organized around the following HRM functions: HR planning/ staff supply, personnel administration and employee relations, and performance management. The importance of the management of change is also highlighted. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to include human resources as a key issue in health systems change and emphasizes the areas of policy dialogue and research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.