"Holding the child down" for treatment in paediatric haematology: the ethical,legal and practice implications

Very little has been written about involuntary treatment for adult patients and even less about such treatment for paediatric patients. Ethical dilemmas for nurses in such situations have not been clearly articulated and there are no clear guidelines available in this area. The following findings from a qualitative, longitudinal study on the psycho-social aspects of treatment for childhood leukaemia and related diseases are offered as preliminary work on this important professional issue. The feelings of parents when confronted with the necessity of holding their child down so that they may receive probably curative treatments for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are described and some of the ethical and legal issues confronting nurses who provide these treatments are explored.     

How the Public Defines Terrorism

Every time a major violent act takes place in the United States, a public debate erupts as to whether it should be considered terrorism. Political scientists have offered a variety of conceptual frameworks, but have neglected to explore how ordinary citizens understand terrorism, despite the central role the public plays in our understanding of the relationship between terrorism and government action in the wake of violence. We synthesize components of both scholarly definitions and public debates to formulate predictions for how various attributes of incidents affect the likelihood they are perceived as terrorism. Combining a conjoint experiment with machine learning techniques and automated content analysis of media coverage, we show the importance not only of the type and severity of violence, but also the attributed motivation for the incident and social categorization of the actor. The findings demonstrate how the language used to describe violent incidents, for which the media has considerable latitude, affects the likelihood the public classifies incidents as terrorism.     

Perceptions of older adult jurors: the influence of aging stereotypes and jury laws

ABSTRACT

The present study examined younger (18–30 years, N?=?100) and older adults’ (66–89 years, N?=?100) responses to a jury duty questionnaire assessing perceptions of jury duty, their capability to serve, and the capability of older adults to serve. We also explored perceptions of the senior jury opt-out law (a law that allows those over a certain age (e.g. 65 years) to opt-out of jury duty). We assessed why participants believe this law is in place and experimentally examined if informing older adults about this law impacted their jury questionnaire responses. Results demonstrated that older adults were significantly more likely to want to serve compared to younger adults; however, younger adults provided lower capability ratings of older adult jurors compared to older adults. Younger adults’ open-ended explanations for these ratings indicated negative aging stereotypes (i.e. in part, believing that older adult jurors are less capable because of declining health and biased beliefs). Older adults also had a significantly lower rate of agreement with the senior jury opt-out law. Although informing older adults about this law did not impact their perceptions of themselves as potential jurors, it did enforce more negative attitudes towards older adult jurors as a whole.     

Spending and Spirit

The making and remaking of Simone de Beauvoir

Kate Fullbrook and Edward Fullbrook, Simone de Beauvoir and Jean‐Paul Sartre. The Remaking of a Twentieth‐century Legend, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993.

Toril Moi, Simone de Beauvoir. The Making of an Intellectual Woman, Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.

Ms. en Abyme

Diane Elam, Feminism and Deconstruction: Ms. en Abyme, London and New York: Routledge, 1994.     

Wilfulness redefined: In re Seagate

In In re Seagate Tech. LLC, the US Court of Appeals for theFederal Circuit redefined wilfulness relating to patent infringement,altered how wilfulness will be litigated, and as a result, manycompanies may reconsider their defensive opinion policies.