American federal deficits and its international economic effects

One of the critical issues facing the United States is whether federal deficits will have not only a deleterious effect on the U.S. economy but on the rest of the world economy as well. This paper focuses on how federal deficits have, in large part, been responsible for keeping interest rates high, which has resulted in creating economic conditions that could severely affect world economic growth. It will be argued that U.S. policymakers need to take into account how the world economy has become increasingly interdependent. This interdependence of the world economy will inevitably require a rethinking of present economic policies and how a new national strategy must be developed sensitive to this new reality.     

Roward a public philosophy of public administration: a civic perspective of the public

The thesis of this article is that a publicphilosophy of public administration needs to be formulated. It must not be based upon romantic and technocratic approaches as past efforts have been. It must rest instead upon a revitalized concept of the public that stresses the importance of public interdependency, public learning, public language, and a critical evaluation of the relationship between the role of the state and public administration. This emphasis has important implications for the respective responsibilities of both academicians and practicing administrators.     

Calcification and ossification in the arytenoid cartilage: incidence and patterns

Calcification or ossification occurs early and commonly in the arytenoid cartilage. It may be difficult to detect, but there are only eight patterns that specifically identify ossification and calcification. Each arytenoid independently ossifies or calcifies. The cervical spine examination can specifically identify the patterns found at autopsy.     

Looking for strengths in response to AIDS: individual,group and public authority roles in strategy

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is a challenge not only to medical understanding but also to understanding about how society works or can be made to work. New treatment regimes have to be matched with new social organisation. Caring and coping present society‐wide challenges and to the need to reinvent key social institutions in order to respond effectively. Existing studies demonstrate the vulnerability of modern, large‐scale state institutions to loss of knowledge, skill and competence in the face of high attrition rates in their pay role staff. Equally, family and kinship as well as other civil society institutions or ‘traditional’ social structures may be so disrupted by the loss of carers and providers that they cease to generate adequate levels of well‐being and security. The role of key individuals in providing public leadership is recognised but the significance of personal networks in communicating effective messages and mores is more difficult to pin down. Associations and mass movements have emerged that play a vital role in changing social attitudes and behaviour, and social institutions are adapting to the challenge. It appears that diverse social responses are essential, but, I argue, public policy thinking has a ‘centralist’, hierarchical, bias that discourages' sensible thinking about plural, diverse, strategies. This article seeks to develop a way of thinking about strategy, around the idea of institutional competence, to take account of, and be responsive to, diverse social forms and initiatives. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.