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181.
Cynthia A. Stark 《Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy》2013,16(3):383-402
This paper argues that luck egalitarianism, especially in the guise of equality of opportunity for welfare, is in tension with the ideal of fair equality of opportunity in three ways. First, equal opportunity for welfare is compatible with a caste system in employment that is inconsistent with open competition for positions. Second, luck egalitarianism does not support hiring on the basis of qualifications. Third, amending luck egalitarianism to repair this problem requires abandoning fair access to qualifications. Insofar as luck egalitarianism cannot support fair equality of opportunity, it cannot do justice to the claims of the disabled. Indeed, in the absence of fair equality of opportunity, disabled people are likely to be marginalized. 相似文献
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183.
Cynthia Radding 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2001,15(1):107-123
The present paper brings to the discussion of human risks and rights an analysis of the gendered spheres of labor that developed in the eighteenth-century mission communities of lowland, eastern Bolivia. It argues that the differential work experiences of men and women, their access to technology and to the rewards of their labor, can be explained only by combining sensitivity to gender issues with a contextual framework that takes into account the environment, cultural expectations, and political economy. This historical case study is situated in Chiquitos, one of the Iberian colonial frontiers established in the ecological borderlands between the Andes and Amazonia. 相似文献
184.
Henry E. Brady Cynthia S. Kaplan 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2000,35(3):56-91
Ethnic identity is a fundamental concept for understanding the dynamics of contemporary political change, but there has been
very little exploration of how to measure ethnic identity and even less discussion of the implications of these measurements
for understanding ethnic conflict. Through an analysis of Estonians and Slavs (Russians, Byelorussians, and Ukranians) in
Estonia, we show that the ethnic identity of different groups is “salient” to different degrees and that this has significant
implications for within-group agreement about political issues and for between-group differences. We show that nominal ethnic
identity fully predicts political attitudes when ethnicity is highly salient because a highly salient ethnic identity sets
in motion forces that cause individuals within a group to form similar attitudes based upon their ethnic identity. These forces
were fully active for Estonians in Estonia in the early 1990s. In this case, nominal ethnic identity was sufficient to explain
the attitudes of Estonians. But ethnicity must be treated as graded when it is not highly salient, as with Slavs in Estonia,
because only degrees of ethnicity can explain the within-group differences in political attitudes that arise because of a
lack of salient identity. Researchers, therefore, should typically treat ethnicity as if it were graded, and they should devise
graded measures of it. Although nominal measures are sometimes appropriate (i.e., when ethnicity is highly salient), they
will cause the researcher to miss something important in other situations. For example, our work suggests that if events discrupt
the social processes that maintain a group’s sense of itself, then a graded measure of ethnicity is useful for predicting
attitudes concerning ethnic identity and survival. In short, it is not categorically wrong to treat ethnicity as nominal,
but it is best to begin by treating it as graded.
Henry E. Brady, Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley, is co-author ofVoice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics andLetting the People Decide: The Dynamics of a Canadian Election. He has also written on elections, referendums, polotical behavior, and political methodology.
Cynthia S. Kaplan, an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara,
received her Ph.D. from Columbia University and has conducted extensive research in Russia, Estonia, and Tatarstan. She is
the author ofThe Party and Agricultural Crisis Management in the USSR and numerous articles on comparative ethnicity, social movements, and political culture in the former Soviet Union. 相似文献
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188.
Calvin Simmons John K. Cochran William R. Blount 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1997,21(2):213-229
Current research indicates that job-related stress and job dissatisfaction are serious employment concerns among probation officers. In other employment domains, job stress and job satisfaction are commonly associated with employee turnover. Moreover, job turnover among probation officers is a serious but understudied problem. Survey data from a random sample of Florida correctional probation officers indicate moderately elevated levels of job-related stress and job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction was significantly and inversely related to probation officers’ inclinations to quit, while job-related stress was indirectly related to such inclinations. The policy implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
189.
The objective of this study was to document the long-term relationship between youthful animal abuse and a variety of problem behavior outcomes later in life. Data were used from a national, longitudinal, and multigenerational sample collected by the National Youth Survey Family Study, which assessed families across 27 years from 1977 to 2004. The analytic sample consisted of 2538 individuals who were analyzed using multivariate ordinary least squares and logistic regression modeling that controlled for important demographic factors. Hypotheses were tested across two generations separately showing that a history of animal abuse does, indeed, predict later problem behaviors, including serious offending, marijuana use, other drug use, alcohol use, and deviant beliefs. Depending on the outcome examined, each model accounts for 5–34% of the variation in respondents’ problem behaviors. Within each model, animal abuse was often one of the strongest predictors. Implications of these findings, the study’s limitations, and future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
190.
Legal Treatment of Cohabitation in the United States* 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cynthia Grant Bowman 《Law & policy》2004,26(1):119-151
This article discusses the variety of ways state legal systems in the United States treat cohabitation, both by same-sex and heterosexual couples. The different approaches are described along a spectrum that ranges from one extreme, under which cohabitants have essentially no rights against one another or against third parties, to the other extreme, under which cohabitants are to be treated as though they were married under state law. Different areas of law are discussed, including the rights of cohabitants both against one another (remedies upon dissolution, inheritance) and against third parties, such as state benefits, tort claims, health-related benefits, and rights concerning children. The article concludes with speculations concerning why the remedies offered to cohabitants in the United States are so limited, as compared with other countries. 相似文献