民事证据制度的再修订

<正>"对证据进行规定"是任何诉讼规则最重要的任务之一,因为权利的胜利很大程度上依赖于其可证明性。——尧厄尼希达马斯卡在一篇文章中指出:"与私法领域相比,程序法的意义和效果更加依赖于外部环境——尤其是直接依赖于所在国家司法制度运行的制度背景。"〔1〕本文拟结合我国民事审判方式改革的宏观背景和民事证据制度运行的社会环境,对本次民事诉讼法修改中证据制度的     

Socialization of Service for the Elderly and Social Governance Innovation：in the Case of Zhejiang Province

In the socialization process of services for the elderly, guiding the social subjects to participate in solving the imbalance problem of supply and demand has become the basic target. Based on the local practical experience in Zhejiang Province, the paper presents different innovated service models and emphasizes the significance of social governance innovation. Based on this, this paper analyzes such problems as social subjects' lack of motivation, the poor coordination of cooperation mechanism and the inadequacy of effective supply. The researcher also puts forward relevant countermeasures in the aspects of capacity building, mechanism innovation, and content innovation. The paper concludes that the services for the elderly are supposed to promote social governance innovation in the institutions and mechanisms.     

资源枯竭型城市社会管理体制改革的困境与出路——以阜新市为例

资源枯竭型城市面临着城市转型与社会管理的双重压力.作为国内资源枯竭型城市的典型代表,阜新市在社会管理体制方面的改革探索具有一定的借鉴意义与示范作用.为破解政府职能转变不到位、城乡分治格局未破除、社区管理体制改革缓慢、社会组织管理体制滞后、社区专职工作队伍落后等共性难题,应通过系统性顶层设计、理顺领导体制架构、健全社会组织管理体系、加强人才队伍建设等寻求出路.     

对国际私法中最密切联系原则的再思考

<正> 对于国际私法中的最密切联系原则(The Doctrine of the most Significant Relationship)学者们提出过一些不同的看法。本文拟就最密切联系原则在国际私法中的地位问题进行探讨,并提出运用此原则的方法。 在涉外民事法律关系的主体、客体和法律关系的内容的诸要素中,由于有一个或一个以上的涉外因素,导致同一个法律关系有可能要有几个法律来支配。由于各国法律内容的差异,适用不同的法律,可能会得出不同的法律后果。因此,在处理涉外民事案件的诉讼或仲裁中,法庭或仲裁庭在对案件进行识别以后,就要确立     

大蒜新素对MCMV感染小鼠脾细胞Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平的影响

目的:探讨大蒜新素对鼠巨细胞病毒(MCMV)感染小鼠脾细胞Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平的影响及其抗MCMV作用机制.方法:复制小鼠巨细胞病毒感染模型,将模型小鼠随机分成大蒜新素治疗组和安慰剂组,于MCMV感染后48 h开始分别给予大蒜新素一般剂量(25 mg·kg-1/d)和等量9.0 g/L氯化钠注射液腹腔注射;另设大蒜新素处理组和空白对照组,不接种病毒,分别给予大蒜新素一般剂量(25 mg·kg-1/d)和等量9.0 g/L氯化钠注射液腹腔注射.用ELISA法检测小鼠脾细胞Th1类细胞因子IL-2、IFNγ和Th2类细胞因子IL-4,IL-10水平.结果:MCMV感染可导致BALB/c小鼠Th1类细胞因子IL-2表达明显下降(P《0.01),Th2类细胞因子IL-10表达显著增高(P《0.01).大蒜新素能诱导正常BALB/c小鼠和MCMV感染模型鼠脾细胞Th1类细胞因子IL-2和IFNγ的表达显著增加(P《0.01),Th2类细胞因子IL-10表达明显下降(P《0.01).结论:大蒜新素能显著上调正常和MCMV感染模型小鼠脾细胞 Th1类细胞因子IL-2和IFNγ的表达,并抑制Th2类细胞因子IL-10的表达,通过诱导和促进特异性Th1优势应答反应来发挥抗CMV效应.     

张家港市2011-2013年医疗执业行政处罚案件分析

为了解张家港市近年来医疗执业行政处罚案件的发生特点、存在原因和发展趋势,为下阶段工作提供系统科学的监管方案。本文采用SPSS18统计软件进行资料整理并进行描述性数据统计分析。结果提示,260起行政处罚案件中医疗机构违法执业案件34起,占13.1%;无证行医案件226起,占86.9%。医疗行业案件分布情况与各镇区的外来人口密度、医疗资源分布情况紧密相联,外来人口所占比重排名靠前的金港、塘桥、杨舍3镇,其非法行医发生率为各镇区中最高。医疗机构的违法违规案件,大部分发生在一级民营医疗机构,反映了部分一级民营医疗机构依法执业意识淡薄,管理上存在严重漏洞,受利益驱动,出租承包,导致违规低俗宣传广告、超科目诊疗等违规活动发生。本次分析得出结论:从案件来源反映出对医疗机构的监督深度和广度不够及无证行医打击难度不断加大。     

共青团荣誉制度建设:理论探析、现实困境与实践路径

共青团的双重联系功能决定了荣誉制度的双重属性,二者构成了共青团荣誉制度运行的组织基础。团员荣誉感、自豪感和责任感在本质上都是共青团荣誉制度的产物,共同形成了团员青年自觉履职尽责的持久内在动力。具体来讲,团员荣誉感是团员自豪感与责任感的内隐基础,团员责任感是团员荣誉感和自豪感的现实基础,而团员自豪感是团员荣誉感和责任感的中介桥梁。当前的共青团荣誉制度建设存在着较为突出的现实困境:荣誉获得率偏低,两极分化明显;荣誉标准泛化,政治特征不突出;团内荣誉的自我成长作用不强;荣誉设立制度碎片化,缺乏系统性等。建设一体化的共青团荣誉体系,提高共青团荣誉的社会认可度;完善分级激励的共青团荣誉制度,实现对青年全方位教育引导;构建“政职相辅”结合,兼具政治性、专业性和客观性的共青团荣誉制度;创新政治信仰核心标准,确保共青团荣誉制度的政治本位等举措,有望成为共青团荣誉制度建设的有效实践路径。     

我国生态补偿法治化路径探究

党的十九大明确提出要建立市场化、多元化生态补偿机制。为实现这一战略目标,就要以法律来规范和调整与生态补偿相关的各种社会关系,运用法治化办法清晰界定生态资源的产权,明确生态补偿主体和受偿主体的权利和义务。本文梳理了生态补偿法治化的理论逻辑,分析了我国生态补偿法治化建设进程中存在的问题并提出了相应的破解之策,希冀能对生态补偿机制的构建有所帮助。     

禽致病性大肠杆菌强毒力岛摄铁功能与致病性关系的研究

采用PCR法检测强毒力岛主要结构基因irp1、irp2、fyuA在禽致病性大肠杆菌中的分布;铬苯胺醇法检测铁载体的合成;SDS-PAGE法检测耶尔森菌摄铁蛋白HMWP1和HMWP2的表达,以半数致死量试验测定禽致病性大肠杆菌致病性与强毒力岛摄铁功能的关系。结果表明,7株禽致病性大肠杆菌强毒力岛irp1、irp2和fyuA基因的检出率为100%;铬苯胺醇平板上都能产生橙色透明晕圈;缺铁条件下,能够表达与耶尔森菌相同的摄铁蛋白HMWP1和HMWP2且半数致死量试验验证禽致病性大肠杆菌的毒力与强毒力岛摄铁功能呈正相关。证实禽致病性大肠杆菌中强毒力岛的摄铁功能与其致病性有密切的联系。     

THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF PRIVACY STANDARDS IN CHINA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINA’S PRIVACY LAW

China has one of the longest histories of civilization in the world. In ancient China, civil disputes were solved by moral principles of Confucianism, called li (礼). Therefore, at the time of the emergence of li, privacy was indirectly protected to some extent. However, li also restrained the legal privacy protection at that time. Moreover, the substantial meaning of traditional protection for privacy is quite different from that in modern society. In consequence, it is difficult to postulate that there was legal protection for privacy in ancient China, though privacy had been indirectly protected by the theory of li. If the right to privacy is seen as a milestone in its evolution in modern society, the modern concept and protection of privacy emerged in China almost a century later than in some Western countries. 1 The first consideration for the protection of privacy in China was a judicial interpretation by the Supreme Court in 1988.2 Since then, China has been developing its own protection for privacy. This article is to explore privacy standards in both ancient and modern China with two main parts: (a) The first part discusses the privacy in ancient China, including traditional Chinese concepts of privacy, traditional Chinese protection for privacy, and its evaluation; (b) the second part examines the privacy standards and privacy protection in modern China.