Enter the quagmire – the complicated relationship between data protection law and consumer protection law

This article examines the complex relationship between consumer protection law and data protection law, particularly within the EU's online environment, and highlights the problems that stem from this complexity. It suggests that, while there are significant similarities between their respective sources, tools and purposes, there are also arguable differences between consumer protection law and data protection law. One such arguable difference is found in that, while consumer protection law can be seen to merely set a floor in its pursuit of a sufficiently high level of consumer protection, data protection law – due to its clearly articulated dual purposes of (a) protecting individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and (b) providing for the free movement of such data – sets both a floor and a ceiling.Having discussed the relationship between consumer protection law and data protection law in more detail, the argument is made that it seems possible to conclude that the balance struck in the Data Protection Directive, and soon in the General Data Protection Regulation, places limitations on consumer protection law. The implications of this conclusion are then examined briefly in the context of some matters currently coming before the CJEU and the contours of a framework are presented, addressing situations where a data protection-based liability claim is pursued against a third-party non-controller under consumer protection law.     

Allele frequencies of 13 short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Romanian population

A population study on 13 tetra- and pentameric STR loci (D3S1358, VWA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, THO1, FGA, ACTBP2 (SE33), Penta D and Penta E) was performed with Romanians from the Bucharest area.     

《合同法》第114条评析

《合同法》第114条对合同当事人违约支付违约金及约定损害赔偿的规定,具有重要的现实意义。但是该条款及司法解释在确定违约金具体数额及调整违约金过高或过低的标准等方面均有缺陷。应视不同情况适当调整违约金的数额。     

论信用政府

信用 ,已经从一般道德规则发展为现代法律中的“帝王条款”。完善、健全的市场经济是以诚实信用为基础的。要建立社会信用 ,政府信用是关键。     

《国家公务员暂行条例》适用之新现象评析

在政府部门的实际工作中,出现了“干部打工”、“带薪辞职”、“政府雇员”以及“考选市长”等现象,这些现象都与我国现行的国家公务员制度主要是《国家公务员暂行条例》有着密切的关系。本文通过对这些新现象的分析,揭示了《国家公务员暂行条例》实施过程中的相关问题,并指出解决这些问题的途径是要处理好几个关系:党与法的关系、改革与法的关系以及新法与旧法的关系。     

大学生婚恋观变化比较研究

大学生的婚恋观在很大程度上受社会环境、群体性社会心理等因素的影响,因而如何注重舆论引导,开展性道德、性健康教育,加强校园文化建设,已成为一个严峻的课题。