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101.
Dan Wilsher 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2006,45(1):27-53
The employment of crimes of inexplicable wealth as an anti-corruption tool has been increasingly advocated in recent years. The United Nations Convention against Corruption calls for the creation of a crime of illicit enrichment. This paper seeks to evaluate the drafting of such crimes from human rights and criminal justice perspectives. The author considers the jurisprudence from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and South Africa, as well as the European Court of Human Rights. The paper also evaluates the Hong Kong inexplicable wealth offence and subjects it to criticism in terms of the rights of defendants and the lack of clarity in drafting. The author concludes that there is no need for a specific crime of inexplicable wealth. A crime of corruption is perfectly adequate. All that is required is the use of a special rule of evidence which places the evidential burden upon the defendant. The use of a mandatory presumption of law is the most clear analytical method of drafting. This is consistent with human rights standards and common law jurisprudence. Finally, regulatory offences requiring proper financial record keeping and declarations of wealth should be created alongside the more serious corruption offence. These could impose strict liability. Wealth previously declared by public officials should not be presumed to be corrupt funds for the purposes of any corruption prosecution. This approach is consistent with the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and would represent an acceptable mode of implementing that treaty. 相似文献
102.
和谐社会呼唤立法平等 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
和谐社会的核心问题是协调好人与人的利益关系,利益关系在法律上表现为权利义务关系。当前我国出现一些不和谐现象的一个重要原因是立法上的权利义务分配不均。只有立法贯彻普遍平等的原则,赋予每个人平等的权利和义务,做到立法平等,才能使我们的社会利益趋于均衡,实现社会和谐。 相似文献
103.
2009年7月29~31日,由外交学院和法国战略学会共同主办的“‘能源与国际关系’2009年中法暑期研讨班”在辽宁省丹东市举行。研讨班邀请中、法专家与会,围绕研讨班主题,通过讲座、讨论等形式多样的教学活动介绍最新学术动态,开展学术交流。来自中国外交学院、法国战略学会、阿海珐(AREVA)中国公司、 相似文献
104.
105.
目的比较两种DNA提取法对不同色泽肋软骨的DNASTR分型结果的影响。方法利用Chelex-100法和酚-氯仿法,分别对30例不同色泽的腐败尸体肋软骨进行DNA提取,STR复合扩增,ABI3100型基因分析仪对扩增产物进行检测。结果用酚-氯仿法提取的30例腐败尸体肋软骨,均检测到全部STR基因座的等位基因型。用Chelex-100法提取的肋软骨中,22例(11例白色、8例淡黄色、3例黄色)检测出全部STR基因座的等位基因型;7例(3例黄色、4例黄褐色)检测出部分STR基因座的等位基因型;1例黑灰色的腐败尸体肋软骨,未检测出STR基因座的等位基因型。结论根据肋软骨的色泽,选择适宜的DNA提取方法。对于颜色较深的肋软骨,用酚-氯仿法进行DNA提取有助于提高其STR基因座的检出率。 相似文献
106.
Population genetics for Y-chromosomal STRs haplotypes of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group in Tibet 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Zhu B Liu S Ci D Huang J Wang Y Chen L Zhu J Xu Y Zhao Q Li S Liu Y 《Forensic science international》2006,161(1):78-83
Y-chromosomal STRs loci were analyzed from a sample of 119 healthy unrelated autochthonous male individuals of Chinese Tibetan ethnic minority group using a multiplex PCR system. Allele and haplotype frequencies for DYS19, DYS389 I, DYS389 II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a,b, DYS438, and DYS439 were determined by the Y-PLEXtrade mark 12 kit. The gene diversity values for the Y-STRs loci ranged from 0.3347 (DYS438) to 0.9547 (DYS385a,b). A total of 110 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 104 were unique, while six occurred more than once. The overall haplotype diversity for the Y-STRs loci was 0.9981, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9897. The results in the present study can be used for routine forensic application in the region, and enrich Chinese ethnical genetic informational resources. 相似文献
107.
"非市场经济"这一法律概念在GATT/WTO法律框架下由各国反倾销法逐渐演变而成.自20世纪90年代以来,"市场经济"与"非市场经济"的区分已缺乏经济基础,很多国家却凭以采用特别方法对后者产品进行反倾销调查.这些方法深受政治、社会和经济等因素影响,构成相关出口商的歧视性待遇.必须通过政治、经济和法律手段才能最终解决"非市场经济"所引发的问题. 相似文献
108.
Donald?Braman Dan?M.?KahanEmail author James?Grimmelmann 《Social Justice Research》2005,18(3):283-304
Can empirical data generate consensus about how to regulate firearms? If so, under what conditions? Previously, we presented evidence that individuals' cultural worldviews explain their positions on gun control more powerfully than any other fact about them, including their race or gender, the type of community or region of the country they live in, and even their political ideology or party affiliation. On this basis, we inferred that culture is prior to facts in the gun debate: empirical data can be expected to persaude individuals to change their view on gun policies only after those individuals come to see those policies as compatible with their core cultural commitments. We now respond to critics. Canvassing the psychological literature, we identify the mechanisms that systematically induce individuals to conform their factual beliefs about guns to their culturally grounded moral evaluations of them. To illustrate the strength and practical implications of these dynamics, we develop a series of computer simulations, which show why public beliefs about the efficacy of gun control can be expected to remain highly polarized even in the face of compelling empirical evidence. Finally, we show that the contribution culture makes to cognition could potentially be harnessed to generate broad, cross-cultural consensus: if gun policies can be framed in terms that are expressively compatible with diverse cultural worldviews, the motivation to resist compelling empirical evidence will dissipate, and individuals of diverse cultural persuasions can be expected rapidly to converge in their beliefs about what policies are best. Constructing a new, expressively pluralistic idiom of gun control should therefore be the first priority of policy-makers and -analysts interested in promoting the adoption of sound gun policies. 相似文献
109.
110.
程丹 《安徽警官职业学院学报》2007,6(1):94-96
明代兴起的"家乐"与前代在勾栏瓦舍中戏班的演出有所不同,一方面这种形式为传统戏剧的改良提供了硬件的支持,另一方面它也有自身不可克服的弱点.基于自身优势,家乐在明中叶后盛极一时,但同时又因为先天缺陷,在清中叶就几近销声匿迹. 相似文献