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901.
Police officers served as public health sentinels to collect data on children exposed to domestic violence across an entire
municipality for 1 year. This study extended research by investigating a typology of domestic violence crimes and children’s
direct sensory exposure to these types. Police officers used a standard, validated protocol to collect data on all substantiated
domestic violence. Findings revealed that almost half of all events had children present, and 81% of these children were directly
exposed to the violence. Children under the age of 6 years old were at greater risk of exposure. Identified domestic violence
households with children were more likely to be low-income, non-White, and headed by a single female, compared to households
at large. Cluster analysis revealed seven domestic violence event profiles. Typology showed that children were disproportionately
exposed to the most unstable and dangerous profiles including weapon use, mutual assault, and substance abuse. 相似文献
902.
903.
904.
Erik Wibbels 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2009,44(4):441-449
This note underscores the need for more precise causal theories linking the international division of labor, national economies,
and public policies. To that end, the author recommends two literatures upon which a revised dependency theory might build,
namely, those on economic geography and the political economy of redistribution. 相似文献
905.
906.
David Ucko Author Vitae 《Orbis》2008,52(2):290-310
Following its encounter with insurgent violence in Iraq, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has sought to improve the U.S. military's ability to conduct counterinsurgency. This effort suggests a potential turning-point in the history of the U.S. military, which has traditionally devoted its attention and resources to “high-intensity” or “conventional” combat. Given this institutional culture, what are now the prospects of the U.S. military ‘learning counterinsurgency’? In many ways, the ongoing reorientation is promising and targeted, informed directly by the U.S. campaign in Iraq. At the same time, Pentagon priorities still reveal a remarkable resistance to change, and this in spite of the radically altered strategic environment of the War on Terror. Given this intransigence - and the eventual fall-out from the troubled Iraq campaign - the ongoing learning of counterinsurgency might very well fail to produce the type of deep-rooted change needed to truly transform the U.S. military. 相似文献
907.
908.
909.
Shaun L. Gabbidon Leslie K. Kowal Kareem L. Jordan Jennifer L. Roberts Nancy Vincenzi 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2008,33(1):59-68
This paper examines race-based peremptory challenges. Such challenges occur during the voir dire jury selection process. The process allows both the defense and the prosecution to strike jurors who they believe will not
decide cases fairly. However, in the case of Batson v. Kentucky 476 U.S. 79 (1986), the Supreme Court ruled that race could not be used as a factor in eliminating prospective jurors. This
paper examines federal litigation for five years in which it was alleged that race was used as a factor in removing a juror.
An examination of the cases revealed that most of the cases involved sole male litigants who allege that there were multiple
race-based peremptory challenges used in their cases. Moreover, most of the cases that led to the allegations involved violent
offenses. Other case characteristics are noted, but of most significance was the finding that most appellants lost their cases.
As such, the courts felt that most of the challenges were, in fact, race neutral. The implications of this research are discussed.
This study was funded by an undergraduate research grant from Penn State University. 相似文献
910.
The “Science of Science Policy”: reflections on the important questions and the challenges they present 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Adam B. Jaffe 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2008,33(2):131-139
Developing the “Science of Science Policy” will require data collection and analysis related to the processes of innovation
and technological change, and the effects of government policy on those processes. There has been much work on these topics
in the last three decades, but there remain difficult problems of finding proxies for subtle concepts, endogeneity, distinguishing
private and social returns, untangling cumulative effects, measuring the impact of government programs in a true “but for”
sense, and sorting out national and global effects. I offer observations on how to think about these issues.
This paper was presented as the Keynote Address at the NSF Workshop on Advancing Measures of Innovation: Knowledge Flows,
Business Metrics, and Measurement Strategies, Arlington, VA, June 2006. 相似文献