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31.
David L. Blaney Mustapha Kamal Pasha 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1993,28(1):3-24
The terminology of “civil society” has gained currency in recent discussions of democratic movements around the globe. Although
less grandiose in its implications than claims about the “end of history,” this terminology does suggest a certain universality
in human experience. We argue that this claim of universality is warranted, but also problematic. We establish the relevance
of our argument in reference to the literatures in African and Indian studies.
We note first that the common employments of the concept ignore the theoretical and historical specificity of civil society:
civil society is used to label any group or movement opposed to the state, regardless of its intent or character, or used
so generically that it is indistinguishable from the term “society.” Instead, we argue that civil society is a sphere of social
life, involving a stabilization of a system of rights, constituting human beings as individuals, both as citizens in relation
to the state and as legal persons in the economy and the sphere of private association.
Thus, we link the wide resonance of the concept to its embeddedness in the logic of liberal capitalist society and the capitalist
global division of labor. This conception allows us to see that, although the emergence of a sphere of civil society involves
at least minimal democranization and is supportive of struggles for further democratization, the status of democracy is also
made quite problematic by the tensions endemic to liberal capitalism and the processes of uneven development within international
capitalism. Our usage also allows us to distinguish more clearly movements dedicated to the construction of civil society
from those that may count actually as counter-civil society movements.
David L. Blaney received his M.A. and Ph.D. at the Graduate School of International Studies, University of Denver. He is on
leave from Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana as a visiting scholar for the 1993–94 academic year at The Elliott School of
International Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052. His main research interests include international
political economy, culture and international relations theory, and democratic theory.
Mustapha Kamal Pasha received his M.A. and Ph.D. at the Graduate School of International Studies, University of Denver. Currently,
he is an assistant professor in the School of International Service, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016. His main
research interests include international political economy, with particular regard to the Third World, and South Asian politics. 相似文献
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David DeGrazia 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2006,34(1):49-57
Underlying President Bush's view regarding stemcell research and cloning are two assumptions: we originate at conception, and we have full moral status as soon as we originate. I will challenge both assumptions, argue that at least the second is mistaken, and conclude that the President's approach is unsustainable. 相似文献
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David P. Colvin 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1995,20(2):5-7
Historically, small businesses have been the innovation engine of the United States, with significantly more than half of the new technologies and products coming from small enterprises. In 1992, there were more than 21 million small businesses with fewer than 500 employees each in the United States, including 4.5 million small corporations, 1.6 million partnerships, and 15.1 million sole proprietorships. Although most small businesses have considerably fewer than 100 employees, they employ more than half the private U.S. work force, contribute more than half of all sales in the country, and are responsible for over half of the private sector's products. From 1976 to 1990, small firms also generated 65% of the net new jobs. From 1988 to 1990, all of the net new jobs in the U.S. economy were created by small firms. Indeed, small business is really big business in the United States. 相似文献
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Policy analysis for the Congress is a timely subject. Several policy initiatives have emerged recently from the “first branch.” Others have demonstrated an independent capacity for analysis that is impressive by historical standards. This article introduces a practitioner symposium of three related works on policy analysis for Congress, with appropriate commentary by a distinguished veteran. It argues that because timing is crucial in the congressional policy process, anticipation and advance preparation are central to the effective use of analysis. The other articles illustrate the stages of advance preparation—of the policy analyst, the congressional environment, and the Member for voting—in the form of case studies. 相似文献