雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒弱毒株的培育及其特性研究

应用在鸭胚成纤维细胞上连续传代的方法 ,获得了由雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒强毒株(NGVEV CN株 )致弱的弱毒株 (CN4 0 株 )。该弱毒株TCID50 为 10 - 8.0 83,具有良好的安全性和稳定性 ,在易感 1日龄雏鹅连传 8代不返强。该弱毒具有良好的免疫原性 ,最小免疫剂量为 10 0 0 0TCID50 ,免疫后 3d产生部分免疫力 ,5d产生坚强免疫力。口服免疫效果最好 ,对雏鹅免疫期在30d以上。该弱毒株能够干扰强毒在雏鹅体内繁殖 ,进入鹅体后能够进行一定程度繁殖并排泄出体外 ,使同居雏鹅感染并获得一定程度免疫力。临床使用后可极显著降低雏鹅的死亡率。     

‘Precari su Marte’: an experiment in activism against <Emphasis Type="Italic">precarity</Emphasis>

Published to coincide with the quincentennial celebrations of Columbus's ‘discovery’ of the New World, the Native American writer Leslie Marmon Silko's apocalyptic 1991 novel, Almanac of the Dead, is a harsh indictment of five hundred years of colonialism, racism and genocide in the New World. Silko clearly links this inhuman(e) history to the contemporary social policies of a range of nation states within the Americas, to present a variety of political issues that are of crucial significance to contemporary tribal communities and other multi-national disenfranchised groups. Among others, this includes the significance of gender to constructions of American settlement and Federal-Indian relations, and to Silko's own status, and choice of literary topics, as a female (and Native) writer. This essay analyses Silko's disruption of authorized and sanitized state narratives, and of accepted (and acceptable) narratives of settlement; and considers Silko's use of the almanac form – the codex – of the pre-contact Aztec and Mayan libraries as a means to assert indigenous literacy, and to challenge the Euro-American claims to ‘civilization’ that are the basis for New World settlement. Most significantly, as its title suggests, Almanac of the Dead emphasizes the presence of the dead, both indigenous peoples and African slaves, to expose the real costs of settlement, and to actively un-settle the Euro-American reader. Consequently, Almanac of the Dead presents the powerful alternative histories of a range of dispossessed social and ethnic groups throughout the Americas, while relocating and reconsidering the US within the context of the Americas as a continental and historical whole, and emphasizing the positive potential of political activism.     

Y chromosome haplotypes in Central-South Italy: implication for reference database

One hundred and fifty individuals have been sampled across Central-South Italy and genotyped for Y chromosome STRs by PowerPlex Y system. Comparison with previous Italian databases revealed that majority of Y chromosome variation still need to be sampled. Identification of locus duplications, distribution of genetic variation and firstly identified alleles point to the necessity of more focused sampling strategies for reference databases.     

Polymorphism of four X-chromosomal STRs: DXS7423, DXS7424, DXS8378 and DXS6809 in a North Italian population sample and their use in kinship testing

The present study analyses three tetranucleotide (DXS7423, DXS8378, DXS6809) and one trinucleotide (DXS7424) X-linked STRs loci in a population sample of North Italy to evaluate their efficiency in forensic applications. The four loci were also used to solve a case of deficiency paternity, in which the question was to establish whether two women were half sisters.     

欧盟关于知识产权执法的建议

在中国、印度等发展中国家为达到《与贸易有关的知识产权的协议》(TRIPS)规定的知识产权保护标准而努力的时候,欧美等发达国家提出了知识产权保护的更高的标准。此种动向,值得我国业内人士关注。2003年,欧洲委员会提出的欧盟关于加强知识产权执法的建议,其中就提出了一些超TRIPS(TRIPS-Plus)的条款。在一次国际研讨会上,欧洲委员会贸易司主管官员Christophe De Vroey先生介绍了这项新建议以及欧盟有关知识产权保护的一些最新进展。应我们之约,Vroey先生特将讲话稿作了修改,以符合本刊发表的要求。在此,我们对Christophe De Vroey先生的帮助表示感谢。