我国第三方政府绩效评价组织的自律实现问题探析

政府绩效评价作为一种评价和改进政府绩效的实用工具,已经被广泛地应用于当今世界各国政府治理实践中。经过长期的探索与实践,目前已形成了多种评价模式,其中第三方评价依靠其自身人才、理论和技术方面的优势,在政府绩效评价中占据极其重要的地位。本文主要针对我国第三方政府绩效评价起步较晚以及缺乏相关评价机制的现状,从组织自律的相关概念出发,提出了在构建责任和效能政府过程中,如何发挥我国第三方政府绩效评价组织自律机制作用的设想。     

政府公信力的信息互动选择机理探究

政府公信力事关政府存亡,是提高政府工作效能的重要保障。当前政府绩效提升与公信度不一定呈正向演进趋势,其中政府、媒体、公众三者对于政务信息的选择性接受和传播造成的沟通变异是其重要根源之一。为了提升政府公信力,本文在借鉴国内外相关理论研究的基础上,剖析了政府公信力的GMP信息选择机理,并运用此机理对政府公信力流失的过程进行了研究和探索,同时提出了相关对策建议。     

论中国核战略的演进与构成

中国核战略有两个基本出发点,即中国国家安全和人道主义。中国核战略具有很强的连续性,同时又根据国内外情况的变化有所调整,经历了一个从反核讹诈战略逐步演变到最低核威慑战略的进程。与其他核武器国家的核战略相似,中国的核战略也由五个具体政策构成:声明政策、发展政策、部署政策、使用政策、核裁军政策。由于具体情况和战略文化的不同,中国的核战略又具有自己的特色。     

Managing resource transposition in the face of extreme events: Fieldwork at two public networks in Germany and the US

As administrations increasingly rely on interorganizational networks to organize public service provision, this article inspects the role resourcing plays in the way managers working in networks cope in the face of extreme events. Using comparative analyses of fieldwork in the context of two emergency service networks in two major cities in Germany and the US, we introduce the concept of resource transposition. This concept holds the potential to explain why and how networks might perform well in situations that drain its central participants' resources. We highlight the relevance of four practices: resource (re)production; resource administration through integration; resource administration through centralization; resource support. We derive a set of propositions underlining the usefulness of the concept of resource transposition.     

县政改革:中国改革下一步的关键点

县政改革已经成为学术和媒介场域的公共话语。本文从话语分析的视角,考察了县政改革话语的由来以及学术场域关于县政改革的话语生产的逻辑。在此基础上,通过对近几年现实层面县域群体性事件所暴露的县域治理危机以及县域治理实践的分析,提出县域治理改革是中国改革下一步的关键点,而官民关系的重构是县政改革的核心。     

我国食品公共安全规制体系的政策取向

食品公共安全规制体系包括四个基本要素:规制主体、规制客体、规制工具和规制目标。本文基于确保公众身体健康和生命安全的规制目标,分析了我国食品公共安全规制其他三个基本要素各自的现状及问题,提出了完善我国食品公共安全规制体系的政策取向:一是加强规制主体之间的协调,克服规制失灵;二是强化对规制客体的规制,克服市场失灵;三是设计和优化规制工具组合,提高规制效率。     

Detection of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites in porcine bones following extended outdoor decomposition

Skeletal remains of a domestic pig were assessed for relative distribution of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites. Following acute exposure and outdoor decomposition for 2 years, drugs and metabolites were analyzed in 13 different bones. Bones were pulverized following a simple wash procedure, and drugs were extracted by passive incubation in methanol, followed by solid-phase extraction. Samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and confirmed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Kruskall-Wallis test showed that bone type was a main effect with respect to drug level for all analytes, with levels varying from 33- to 166-fold. Ratios of levels of drug to that of the corresponding metabolite were less variable, varying roughly one- to eightfold. This suggests limitations in the interpretive value of drug measurements in bone and that relative levels of drug and metabolites should be further investigated in terms of forensic value.     

Examining the moderating role of family cohesion on the relationship between witnessed community violence and delinquency in a national sample of adolescents

Witnessed community violence has been linked to a number of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. Guided by Cicchetti and Lynch's (1993) ecological-transactional model, this study aimed to examine the impact that family-level factors had on negative outcomes associated with witnessed community violence. Using a nationally representative sample, we explored the moderational role of family cohesion in the relationship between witnessing community violence and delinquent behavior while taking demographic variables into account. Results from the investigation suggested that low levels of family cohesion were predictive of delinquency after controlling for race, gender, past delinquency, and direct trauma. In addition, the findings suggested that family cohesion moderated the impact of witnessed community violence on future delinquent behavior. Future directions for research and implications for practice were also discussed.     

Observed Characteristics of Suicidal Hangings: An 11-year Retrospective Review

Many studies have been published regarding suicidal hanging deaths, and most forensic pathologists and coroners are very familiar with such causes of death. Forensic pathologists are challenged over their rulings regarding manner of death in part because the general public has a limited scope of knowledge. One such challenge centers on the question of whether a hanging can be a suicide if the individual is not fully suspended. The authors designed a retrospective study to review suspension in hangings and to analyze other criteria used to help in deciding manner of death. We examined 229 suicidal hanging deaths over an 11-year period (1997 through early 2009) using the data from two separate jurisdictions in Ohio. In conclusion, we found that the vast majority (83.4%) of people who hanged themselves were found partially suspended. Among other criteria analyzed, only the presence of petechial hemorrhages and acute neck injury was statistically significant.