Mitigating CH4 and N2O Emissions from the Rice Crop System in IGP Region in India

Abstract

Rice cropping system as an agriculture practices is considered as one of the major emission source of methane (CH₄) and nitrous Oxide (N₂O). In agriculture, man-made activities contribute CH₄ (77%) and N₂O (60%).This article reports on emission measurements from the Indo Gangetic plains (IGP) of India from four different treatment methods. Implementation of biogas spent slurry (BSS) method was most effective in reducing GHGs emissions. The findings should help in regulating and implementing management strategies regarding the reduction of GHGs from the agricultural fields and avoid environmental losses and claims.     

Gaṅgeśa on Epistemic Luck

Journal of Indian Philosophy - This essay explores a problem for Nyāya epistemologists. It concerns the notion of pramā. Roughly speaking, a pramā is a conscious mental event of...     

Extent of Groundwater Contamination Due to Leachate Migration Adjacent to Unlined Landfill Site of Delhi

The leachate and groundwater samples were collected from the 2 km radius of Ghazipur landfill site. The high levels of EC, TDS, Chloride, Nitrate, Sodium, Potassium, BOD, and COD were observed in the leachate and groundwater samples. In leachate, metal concentrations were found in the order as – Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd. In groundwater, Zn, Ni, and Cu ranged as 0–0.386 mg/l, 0–0.013 mg/l, and 0–0.027 mg/l, respectively whereas Cd, Cr, and Pb were found in trace amount. The study clearly indicates that the percolation of leachate from the landfill site results in the contamination of groundwater of the surrounding area.     

Does Conditionality Mitigate the Potential Negative Effect of Aid on Revenues?

Abstract

This paper assesses whether conditionality in IMF-supported programmes has helped offset the potential negative effect of foreign aid on tax revenues. The analysis – carried out on panel data covering 1993-2012 for 111 low- and middle-income countries – shows that growing use of revenue conditionality by low-income countries partially offsets the depressing effect of foreign grants on tax revenue, particularly on taxes on goods and services. The impact of conditionality is strong in countries where aid dependence is high and where institutions are strong, suggesting that revenue conditionality cannot substitute for weak institutions in mitigating any negative effect of aid on tax revenue collection.