Public administration in the cross-hairs of evidence-based policy and authentic engagement: School closures in Ontario

Education policy affects communities across Canada. Changes in demographics, enrolment patterns, and pressures on education budgets have put school closures on the political agenda in many provinces. Implementing these policies is increasingly contested and conflict-ridden. Public administrators are at the cross-hairs of implementing evidence-based policies, based on authentic stakeholder input and engagement. This article examines two cases of school closure policy implementation in Ontario to illustrate the tension between these two important dimensions of public administration and challenges that must be overcome in this and other policy areas where evidence and engagement are increasingly important.     

Pumpkin Pies and Public Goods: The Raffle Fundraising Strategy

Charitable organizations, such as schools and churches, oftenuse raffles to raise money. This article explores the economicincentives inherent in raffle fundraisers. Raffling off aprize is compared to simply asking for voluntary contributions(i.e., a raffle without a prize). Even if every contributor isrisk-averse, offering a prize can increase contributions to apublic good by more than the value of the prize. Thus, tyingcontributions to a raffle can increase the equilibrium supplyof a public good. Moreover, there exists a raffle prize thatmaximizes the supply of public good over other prizes.     

The Comparative Survey of Freedom: Experiences and Suggestions

The article describes the Comparative Survey of Freedom, produced from 1975 to 1989 in article form, and from 1978 to 1989 in book form as well. The survey rates annually all independent states and dependent territories. It is a loose, intuitive rating system for levels of freedom or democracy, as defined by the traditional political rights and civil liberties of the Western democracies. The checklists used for political rights and civil liberties are discussed point by point. Although open to criticism, the ratings are quite similar to those produced by other analysts from different perspectives during this time period., Unlike other studies, the survey's regular production provides a useful and consistent time series. Democracy is a moving target. Extensions of the survey in, time or levels of discrimination would force the investigator to address a variety of new and difficult problems in comparability that are not faced by the survey in its present form. After receiving a degree in social science and Middle Eastern, Studies at Harvard University, Dr. Gastil taught anthropology and honors social science at the University of Oregon, For seven years he analyzed national security and other policy issues at Hudson Institute. Basic research at Battelle Seattle Research Center led to the publication ofCultural Regions of the United States, andSocial Humanities.: Toward an Integrative Discipline of Science and Values, as well as numerous scholarly articles. From 1977 to 1989, Dr. Gastil was director of the Comparative Survey of Freedom at Freedom House. In this capacity he wrote and produced an annual yearbook entitledFreedom in the World: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, and held conferences on supporting liberalization in the Soviet Union, Muslim Central Asia, China, and Eastern Europe, as well as on the problem of political participatin, in the United States.     

Recurring themes in management thought: What every manager should know about management history

This paper examines the content of 23 recognized classic books in the field of management. The sample included books from all major schools of administrative thought and spans the period of 1912-1977. The results of a content analysis illustrated that a series of relatively well defined recurring themes emerged in this period of 65 years. An argument is made that while many innovative management ideas have been and continue to be formulated, administrators should be familiar with the importance of the recurring themes. Moreover, educators should be careful not to “shortchange” these fundamentals in favor of more contemporary and seemingly exciting new ideas.     

The Impact of SWAps on Health Aid Displacement of Domestic Health Expenditure

Recent research suggests that an additional $1 of health aid would displace – or crowd out – nearly the same amount in a recipient government’s own health expenditure. Implementing a Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) may exacerbate crowding out because recipient governments should face fewer constraints when allocating health aid. This paper uses rigorous panel data methods to investigate this hypothesised effect of SWAps. We find that SWAps provide not an exacerbating but a potentially protective effect, reducing displacement of government health expenditure. This suggests some aid dollars are more fungible than others, and the mechanism for aid delivery makes a difference.