Homicide by decubitus ulcers

Traditionally, the only penalties for poor treatment of nursing home patients have been civil lawsuits against nursing homes and their employees by families, or fines and license suspension by government organizations. Recently, government agencies have become much more aggressive in citing institutions for the development of decubitus ulcers (pressure sores) in their patients. A few government institutions have concluded that in some cases, the development of ulcers with resultant death is so grievous that there should be criminal prosecution of the individuals and/or institutions providing care. A leader in this concept has been the State of Hawaii. In November 2000, the State of Hawaii convicted an individual of manslaughter in the death of a patient at an adult residential care home (a form of nursing home) for permitting the progression of decubitus ulcers without seeking medical help, and for not bringing the patient back to a physician for treatment of the ulcers.     

儿童及青少年组损伤特点分析

儿童及青少年遭受意外事件和暴力事伤害的现象日益突出，本文对１５６例２～１７岁涉及诉讼的未成年人法医学鉴定案例进行回顾性研究，结果表明：３月、４月、８月、１２月四个月发案率偏高，每天下午４点前后最易发生伤害案件；损伤部位以头面部最多见，损伤类型以软组织损伤最多；案发地点于儿童组以住家及其周围场所、学校或幼儿园居多，于青少年则以公共场所居多；加害人多为熟人，包括同学、邻居，青少年受陌生人攻击明显增多，儿童遭受意外事件多，受故意伤害的少，青少年组则刚好相反。同时，作者讨论时还指出，我国目前存在虐待儿童和忽视儿童的现象，以后者更为普遍，这种消极不作为的侵害未成年人权益的现象在司法实践中应引起重视。     

Cerebellar agenesis in a suicide

A case of a suicidal death associated with autopsy findings of right cerebellar and vermian agenesis is described. A review of the literature points out the various recurrence of agenesis, symptoms, and the likelihood of motor deficits. The singular coexistence of only behavioral and intellectual deficiency with suicidal inclination in an adult man with partial cerebellar agenesis is discussed.     

State Livelihood Planning and Legibility in Vietnam’s Northern Borderlands: The “Rightful Criticisms” of Local Officials

Macro-level policies frequently transform and reconfigure local livelihood options. While there is a small but growing body of ethnographic work regarding ethnic minority livelihoods in Vietnam’s mountainous borderlands, there is far less research examining the state decrees and policies implemented there and the opinions of state workers who have to apply them. This article starts to address this gap. First, we examine contemporary Vietnamese state legislation regarding upland livelihoods. We focus on the directions found in 82 livelihood-related state decrees, examining their scope and edicts while critiquing what they overlook regarding upland livelihood needs and approaches. Then, from in-depth interviews with state officials in Hà Giang Province, a mountainous upland region with a proportionately large ethnic minority population, we explore the opinions of those charged with the implementation of these decrees. Building on O’Brien’s earlier work on rightful resistance in China, we suggest that a form of “rightful criticism” has emerged among upland state officials, allowing us to reveal the contours of political power in Vietnam’s borderlands. Moreover, we draw attention to the lack of acknowledgement of ethnic diversity in these uplands within policy and official practice.     

How management team composition affects academic spin-offs’ entrepreneurial orientation: the mediating role of conflict

This research has been designed with the purpose of analysing the influence of both the composition of academic spin-offs’ management teams and the potential conflict emerged within such teams on the degree of entrepreneurial orientation exhibited by academic spin-offs. To this end, we have used the upper echelon theory as theoretical background and have analysed the impact of the proportion of non-academic managers within management teams, the heterogeneity of such teams with respect to the age and main educational area of their managers, as well as the potential mediating role of the conflict emerged. Drawing on a database of 167 Spanish academic spin-offs, results show, on the one hand, that the presence of non-academic managers within management teams is a key factor in the academic spin-offs' exhibitions of higher levels of entrepreneurial orientation and, on the other hand, that conflict fully mediates the relationship between management teams' age heterogeneity and entrepreneurial orientation.