论中国特色社会主义文明体系的形成和发展

从我国改革开放初期开始,邓小平就多次强调,我们要建设的社会主义国家,不但要有高度的物质文明,而且要有高度的精神文明,两个文明都搞好,才是有中国特色的社会主义。随着中国经济社会的改革发展,以江泽民为核心的第三代中央领导集体提出了"政治文明"建设的思想。进入新世纪,根据我国经济社会发展的客观要求,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央提出了"社会文明"与"生态文明"的思想。这样,中国特色社会主义文明要素由"两大文明"要素发展到"五大文明"要素。中国特色社会主义文明要素的相互影响、相互作用,推动实现中华民族伟大复兴。     

Democracy,Veto Player,and Institutionalization of Sovereign Wealth Funds

Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) have become important and controversial in global economy. We analyze why some SWFs have more encompassing and clearly specified governance rules than others. We argue that SWF institutionalization is structurally rooted in a country’s regime type and number of veto players in public policymaking. Democracy promotes SWF institutionalization by its need for strong rule of law, voters trying to constrain opportunistic behaviors of politicians, and the free flow of information. In contrast, the number of veto players has a curvilinear effect. When the number of veto players is very small, institutionalization is too rigid, constraining, and not preferred; when the number of veto players is moderate, it is optimal for veto players to manage their conflict over SWF governance in a more routine and institutionalized fashion; and when the number of veto players grows above a threshold, it becomes too costly to coordinate and produce mutually agreeable institutional rules. Our empirical analysis of 46 SWFs in 30 countries from 2007 to 2009 provides robust confirming evidence. SWF governance is more institutionalized and transparent in democracies and in countries with four veto players. Our research has important theoretical and policy implications for the ongoing debate over SWF.     

Metric characterization of the human coxal bone on a recent Italian sample and multivariate discriminant analysis to determine sex

The ability of human pelvic bones to sexually differentiate has been of great interest in forensic anthropology for quite some time as it allows for the determination of skeletal sex by combining metric and morphological data. However, the criteria for determining the sex of a skeleton must be calibrated according to the variability of the population to which it belongs. The aim of this work is the metric characterization of the human coxal bone on a recent sample (of known sex) from the region of Apulia, in southern Italy, in order to establish its efficacy in sex determination by way of multivariate discriminant analysis. Seventeen standard anthropological measurements used in sex determination were taken from 168 coxal bones (78 males and 90 females) all belonging to 86 adult skeletons (40 males and 46 females). The bones used were taken from subjects who had died in the 1960s and 1970s in Apulia. The results obtained define the variability in size and proportion of the sample analyzed with respect to the variations of other skeletal populations. Nine discriminant functions, utilizing between 4 and 11 variables, have been shown to be useful in determining the sex of coxal bones, whether they be complete, partial, or fragmented. All of the functions selected resulted in an attribution error equal to zero, and differ only in the number of variables utilized and by the degree of separation between the groups. The results of this study confirm the validity and utility of diagnostic techniques based on discriminant functions as reported in the literature for other population groups. The combination of metric characteristics from various regions of the coxal bone is, therefore, a valid aid in the correct attribution of skeletal sex even when the combination of variables is numerically limited, but sufficient in sex determination from partial coxal bones.     

Fatal firearm wounds: a retrospective study in Bari (Italy) between 1988 and 2003

Fatal gunshot injuries are routinely encountered by forensic pathologists practicing in Southern Italy. Bari, the capital city of the Italian region known as Apulia, is a leader with regard to the number of firearm deaths in Italy. This is mainly attributable to local organized crime groups which control a variety of illicit activities. This retrospective study analyzes autopsy data related to fatal firearm wounds, handled by the Institute of Legal Medicine [University of Bari], between 1988 and 2003. A total of 717 cases were selected and classified as follows: firearm homicides (634); suicides (82); and accidental death (1). A significant number of variables have been reviewed such as: month in which the violent event took place; the victims' nationalities; gender and age of victims; site and number of entrance wounds; weapon type used; and manner of death (i.e. homicide; suicide; accidental). Analysis has revealed a homicide versus suicide ratio of almost 8:1. Victims were mostly male with a lower mean age than in other similar studies. Homicides with multiple gunshot wounds were more common than ones with single entrance wounds. For example, in one case, 30 entrance wounds were identified in the murder of a gang boss. Four suicides with two entrance gunshot wounds were identified. Handguns were the most frequently used weapon in all groups (i.e. homicide, suicide, and accidental), with 7.65 mm and 9 mm being the most common calibres. This study revealed a very low incidence of suicide among females. Mental and other types of illness, as well as financial stress were the apparent motives which prompted most of the suicide victims. The homicide cases described were most often related to continual, ongoing fights among local criminal gangs (75%).     

提高长春市自主创新能力,加快推进创新型城市建设

创新型城市就是把自立创新作为发展科学技术的战略基点,大幅度提高科技创新能力,形成具有强大科技创新优势和竞争优势的城市.把长春市建设成为创新型城市具有重大的现实意义.     

Learning By Doing: The Long-Term Impact of Experiential Learning Programs on Student Success

Abstract

As the advisers for the Model United Nations and Judicial Internship programs at our university, we have witnessed first-hand the benefits of simulations and experiential learning. Specifically, students are able to apply knowledge from other classes to real-world situations, all while honing their writing skills and communication skills, as well as their ability to analyze and synthesize information—skills that are critical to success in a wide variety of careers. This practical experience also gives students confidence as they prepare for and make decisions about their future career paths. While we have anecdotal evidence suggesting that these programs contribute to student success, we use survey data from former students to assess formally the longer-term impact of participating in these programs. We find that experiential learning programs contribute to student success by improving time to graduation and increasing the likelihood of attending graduate school or law school and/or finding employment after graduation. In addition, the students’ own assessments indicate that these programs instill numerous practical skills and provide insights that help prepare students for success in their future careers.     

听力减退及相关残疾标准比较研究

听力减退的客观评估是法医临床鉴定中的难点之一.2017年1月1日《人体损伤致残程度分级》实施,其听力减退伤残评定与既往标准存在一定差异.本文比较了《伤残分级》与国内外其他残疾标准中听力残疾相关内容,探讨《伤残分级》标准的优点及不足.同时回述了近年应用较多的客观听力检测方法,比较了客观听力检测方法与纯音测听阈值关联性.国内外听力减退评定均是基于WHO的听力障碍分级,但在双耳听力伤残值的计算及耳鸣、年龄对听力伤残值的影响上均存在一定差异.     

电针内关对心肌缺血大鼠电压门控钾离子通道蛋白的影响

目的研究电针内关穴对心肌缺血大鼠心肌细胞电压门控钾离子通道相关蛋白表达的影响,比较循经取穴与其他取穴方法的差异。方法健康雄性SD大鼠(SPF级)随机分成对照组、模型组、内关组、列缺组、非经非穴组,通过注射盐酸异丙肾上腺素制作动物模型,Western blot检测Kv1.4、Kv4.2、Kv4.3、KCh IP2、Kir2.1、Kir2.2六个指标,观察电针前后各组大鼠心肌细胞电压门控钾离子通道相关蛋白表达量的变化情况。结果与模型组比较,内关组和列缺组蛋白表达量均升高(P<0.05),非经非穴组与模型组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),内关组的蛋白表达量高于列缺组,但低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论电针内关穴和列缺穴均可以提高心肌缺血大鼠心肌细胞电压门控钾离子通道相关蛋白的表达量,且心包经内关穴的针刺效应优于列缺穴。