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排序方式: 共有208条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Iain McKinnon Adrian Hayes Don Grubin 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2017,28(3):331-340
The number of older adults involved in the criminal justice system is rising. Little is known about the state of health in older people who are arrested. This study compared characteristics and health care needs of older police custody detainees with their younger counterparts. The health characteristics of 57 police detainees aged over 50 were compared with 543 younger detainees. Older detainees had significantly higher rates of physical illness and risk of alcohol withdrawal. Although there were equivalent rates of mental disorder and drug taking compared with younger detainees, a higher proportion had presentations consistent with cognitive impairment due to possible dementing processes. Over 80% of older detainees were recommended to have a health assessment in police stations based on their presentation. Police detainees over 50 should be considered to have a health assessment as routine procedure. Further investigation should also be conducted into cognitive impairment in this group. 相似文献
32.
Weenink D 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(9):1132-1146
This article compares Dutch rural and non-rural adolescents’ delinquent behavior and examines two social correlates of rural
delinquency: communal social control and traditional rural culture. The analyses are based on cross-sectional data, containing
3,797 participants aged 13–18 (48.7% females). The analyses show that rural adolescents are only slightly less likely to engage
in delinquent behavior. Furthermore, while rural adolescents are exposed more often to communal social control, this does
not substantially reduce the likelihood that they engage in delinquent behavior. Concerning rural culture, marked differences
appeared between rural and non-rural adolescents. First, alcohol use and the frequency of visiting pubs were more related
to rural adolescents’ engagement in delinquent behavior. Second, the gender gap in delinquency is larger among rural adolescents:
whereas rural boys did not differ significantly from non-rural boys, rural girls were significantly less likely to engage
in delinquent behavior than non-rural girls. However, the magnitude of the effects of most indicators was rather low. To better
account for the variety of rural spaces and cultures, it is recommended that future research into antisocial and criminal
behavior of rural adolescents should adopt alternative measurements of rurality, instead of using an indicator of population
density only. 相似文献
33.
Surveys typically characterize lay knowledge of eyewitness factors as low and highly variable. However, there are notable
differences across methodologies, samples, and individual factors. To examine these differences systematically, we took a
meta-analytic approach to reviewing the findings of 23 surveys assessing lay knowledge of eyewitness issues. Our analyses
examined the beliefs of 4,669 respondents. Overall, respondents correctly agreed with survey items approximately two-thirds
of the time. Results revealed significant differences in performance as a function of variable type, question format, and
over time. We found few differences as a function of sample type, publication status, or jurisdiction. Although performance
varied, a majority of lay respondents achieved “correct” consensus for as many as 11 of the 16 items included in this review. 相似文献
34.
Don Boyd Hamp Lankford Susanna Loeb Matthew Ronfeldt Jim Wyckoff 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2011,30(1):88-110
Many large urban school districts are rethinking their personnel management strategies, often giving increased control to schools in the hiring of teachers, reducing, for example, the importance of seniority. If school hiring authorities are able to make good decisions about whom to hire, these reforms have the potential to benefit schools and students. Prior research on teacher transfers uses career history data, identifying the school in which a teacher teaches in each year. When such data are used to see which teachers transfer, it is unclear the extent to which the patterns are driven by teacher preferences or school preferences, because the matching of teachers to schools is a two‐sided choice. This study uses applications‐to‐transfer data to examine separately which teachers apply for transfer and which get hired and, in so doing, differentiates teacher from school preferences. Holding all else equal, we find that teachers with better pre‐service qualifications (certification exam scores, college competitiveness) are more likely to apply for transfer, while teachers whose students demonstrate higher achievement growth are less likely. On the other hand, schools prefer to hire “higher quality” teachers across measures that signal quality. The results suggest that not only do more effective teachers prefer to stay in their schools but that schools are able to identify and hire the best candidates when given the opportunity © 2010 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. 相似文献
35.
Mahfouz M Badawi A Merkl B Fatah EE Pritchard E Kesler K Moore M Jantz R Jantz L 《Forensic science international》2007,173(2-3):161-170
Sex determination is one of the essential steps in personal identification of an individual from skeletal remains. Most elements of the skeleton have been subjected to discriminant function analysis for sex estimation, but little work has been done in terms of the patella. This paper proposes a new sex determination method from the patella using a novel automated feature extraction technique. A dataset of 228 patellae (95 females and 133 males) was amassed from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection from the University of Tennessee and was subjected to noninvasive high resolution computed tomography (CT). After the CT data were segmented, a set of features was automatically extracted, normalized, and ranked. The segmentation process with surface smoothing minimizes the noise from enthesophytes and ultimately allows our methods to distinguish variations in patellar morphology. These features include geometric features, moments, principal axes, and principal components. A feature vector of dimension 45 for each subject was then constructed. A set of statistical and supervised neural network classification methods were used to classify the sex of the patellar feature vectors. Nonlinear classifiers such as neural networks have been used in previous research to analyze several medical diagnosis problems, including quantitative tissue characterization and automated chromosome classification. In this paper, different classification methods were compared. Classification success ranged from 83.77% average classification rate using labels from a Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering step, to 90.3% for linear discriminant classification (LDC). We obtained results of 96.02% and 93.51% training and testing classification rates, respectively, using feed-forward backpropagation neural networks (NN). These promising results using newly developed features and the application of nonlinear classifiers encourage the usage of these methods in forensic anthropology for identifying the sex of an individual from incomplete skeletons retaining at least one patella. 相似文献
36.
Don Liddick 《Trends in Organized Crime》2010,13(2-3):134-146
The traffic in garbage and hazardous wastes is a huge illicit transnational business that involves a wide array of criminals, including private entities, corrupt public officials, and organized crime groups. The traffic in CFCs and radioactive materials and the chemical by-products of illicit crop cultivation and production are related problems with significant negative environmental and social consequences. Inelastic demand, price differentials among industrialized and developing nations, corruption, incongruent international regulations, a lack of political will, and the emergence of waste brokers are all factors that drive the illegal trade and inhibit law enforcement. While regulatory and criminal justice efforts have been mostly ineffective, technological innovations that reduce waste and the costs of safe disposal may limit opportunities for waste traffickers. The right mix of subsidies and taxation as well as monitoring and compliance at the local level could make legal disposal more attractive, and thus further inhibit criminal opportunities. 相似文献
37.
Don Van Atta 《后苏联事务》2013,29(2):159-190
A leading American specialist on Soviet and Russian agriculture examines the politics and economics of agrarian reform in Russia. Coverage includes institutional reform, finance, local privatization, and interest group activities. Based on six extended visits to Russia during 1992-1994, participant observation, interviews and documentary materials, the author concludes that any successful reform must craft economic measures that will avoid recreating a unified rural bloc in opposition to reforms. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers P32, Q15, Q18. 相似文献
38.
39.
Though much has been written about law enforcement agencies developing partnerships with citizen groups in the context of community policing, very little research has addressed the role of private security as a viable partner in law enforcement. The basis for developing working relationship is sharing common goals as well as having mutual respect for each other. A further important ingredient for developing sound relationships includes the presence and fostering of positive perceptions and attitudes toward each other. In this paper we examine a sample of 284 police officers and 236 security professionals in a Midwestern state to assess their perceptions on strategies to improve police/security relationships. Implications for developing partnerships are discussed. 相似文献
40.
Deborah Franke‐Ogg Lucille Pritchard 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2013,41(2):93-100
SUMMARY The present paper describes the educational background and current role of a community psychologist conducting tobacco control studies at a research institute affiliated with a university medical school. This includes how the author originally became interested in community psychology as an undergraduate, chose a graduate training program and postdoctoral fellowship, and how this training was instrumental in obtaining the current position. 相似文献