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Mark Handler Charles R. Honts Donald J. Krapohl Raymond Nelson Stephen Griffin 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2009,24(2):69-86
The authors provide a polygraph primer for police psychologists involved in law enforcement personnel selection. Law-enforcement
pre-employment polygraph examinations are a decision-support tool intended to add incremental validity to the personnel selection
process. Problems stemming from the use of the polygraph may be related to misunderstanding of the polygraph test and to field
practices surrounding the use of polygraphy in the police selection process. Potential problems can result from ineffective
selection of test issues, poorly constructed test questions and misguided policies surrounding the use of the polygraph. The
authors review the history of polygraph screening, research, and field practices, and suggest that using polygraph results
alone to disqualify a candidate from employment is a misguided field practice. Suggestions are offered for maximizing the
decision-support value of the polygraph. Polygraph examination targets are discussed, with emphasis on selecting actuarially
derived predictors associated with increased success in law enforcement training and job performance. The authors provide
recommendations for field practice, and propose that police psychologists may be most suited to effectively integrate the
polygraph results and information into the hiring recommendation process. 相似文献
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As part of a larger investigation of the changing nature of juror behavior in the context of technology development, this study examined important questions unanswered by previous studies on the “CSI-effect.” In answering such questions, the present study applied multivariate and path analyses for the first time. The results showed that (a) watching CSI dramas had no independent effect on jurors' verdicts, (b) the exposure to CSI dramas did not interact with individual characteristics, (c) different individual characteristics were significantly associated with different types of evidence, and (d) CSI watching had no direct effect on jurors' decisions, and it had an indirect effect on conviction in the case of circumstantial evidence only as it raised expectations about scientific evidence, but it produced no indirect effect in the case of eyewitness testimony only. Finally, implications of the present study as well as for future research on the “CSI-effect” on jurors are discussed. 相似文献
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M. Scott Donald 《The Modern law review》2019,82(5):800-832
The law of trusts plays an integral and multi‐faceted role in the regulatory scheme shaping the occupational pensions arena in Australia and the United Kingdom. It facilitates the operation of private law modalities, such as innovation and competition. However, that openness also renders members’ interests vulnerable and the lack of transparency and emaciated accountability mechanisms within trust law undermine the powerful normative force exerted by the language in which trust doctrine is so often couched. That said, the regulatory regimes buttress, and rely upon, the protections offered by trust law. The result is a compelling illustration of the nuanced way in which private law is employed in a modern regulatory state. 相似文献
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We assess the effects of police use of lethal force on subsequent murders by victim race and armed status before and after the August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, MO. We regress monthly murder levels on instances of police use of lethal force by race and armed status controlling for fixed effects, population, unemployment, and murders in the prior month using city-level data for 93 cities from 2013 to 2015. For 2013–2015, we find that a police lethal force incident predicts a 1.8% increase in murders 2 months following the incident. However, prior to Ferguson, a police lethal force incident increases murders by 4.5% (after 2 months) and we are unable to find any evidence of differential responses to police use of lethal force based on victim race. However, we find evidence of differential responses to police use of lethal force based on victim armed status. Post-Ferguson, police use of lethal force is associated with significant differential responses based on victim race. In addition, we see a shift in the aggregate-level response to police use of lethal force. Post-Ferguson, a police lethal force incident decreases the murder level by 3.8% 3 months following the incident. In addition, lethal force incident involving a non-black victim decreases the number of murders by 4.3% while an incident involving a black victim increases the number of murders by 2.1% (after a 2-month lag). Changes in policing following the events of Ferguson had a generally positive but uneven effect. 相似文献