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591.
At the beginning of a new century, constitutional democracyseems ascendant almost to the point of a universal inevitability.What follows is in part a cautionary tale and in part an assessmentof where we now stand in one of history's most hopeful long-termtrends. An examination of the diffusion of constitutional democracy,and of general trends in cross-national constitutional developmentssince World War II, leads to a consideration of the manner andextent to which modern constitutionalism embodies a recapitulationof human cultural and political evolution. The culture-power-justicenexus that characterizes modem constitutionalism was first dissectedby Montesquieu, and an examination of his approach to constitutionalismprovides a useful window into why we developed the politicaltechnology of constitutional democracy and why the future ofthis technology is not a foregone conclusion. 相似文献
592.
The Priority of Politics and Procedure over Perfectionism in Penal Law, or, Blackmail in Perspective
Donald A. Dripps 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2009,3(3):247-260
Criminal law theory concerns itself with the justification of punishment. Conflicting moral theories of punishment will be
held in liberal democracies. The positive law therefore neither will nor should reflect exclusively a single moral theory
of punishment. Like the institutions for making law, the institutions for enforcing it will cause punishments imposed to deviate
from what pure moral theory might prescribe. These claims are illustrated by the debate over blackmail prohibition. The best
rationale for prohibition is not the moral argument that blackmailers culpably cause harm, but the political argument that
blackmailers threaten the state’s claimed monopoly on punishing crime. 相似文献
593.
The Design and Practice of Integrating Evidence: Connecting Performance Management with Program Evaluation 下载免费PDF全文
In recent decades, governments have invested in the creation of two forms of knowledge production about government performance: program evaluations and performance management. Prior research has noted tensions between these two approaches and the potential for complementarities when they are aligned. This article offers empirical evidence on how program evaluations connect with performance management in the U.S. federal government in 2000 and 2013. In the later time period, there is an interactive effect between the two approaches, which, the authors argue, reflects deliberate efforts by the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations to build closer connections between program evaluation and performance management. Drawing on the 2013 data, the authors offer evidence that how evaluations are implemented matters and that evaluations facilitate performance information use by reducing the causal uncertainty that managers face as they try to make sense of what performance data mean. 相似文献
594.
Barry C. Burden David T. Canon Kenneth R. Mayer Donald P. Moynihan Jacob R. Neiheisel 《Public administration review》2017,77(3):354-364
Tremendous attention has been paid to local election administration since the 2000 presidential election meltdown, yet policy makers still lack basic information about what happens at the polling place. One strategy to understand the interactions between citizens and street‐level election bureaucrats is to turn to administrative data. Using logs collected by polling place workers, the authors analyze more than 66,000 individual incidents recorded from four different statewide elections. Such data provide novel insights and guidance for the administration of elections. Findings indicate that task scale (in terms of the number of ballots) and complexity (in terms of absentee ballots) increase the incident rate. Managerial choices about how polling places are run also matter: the use of electronic voting machines and central count processing of ballots reduce the incident rate, while splitting poll worker shifts increases it. Operator capacity, measured in terms of experience, also reduces the number of incidents. 相似文献
595.
In this research, the logistic regression model was employed to develop a classifier that measures psychological capital of workers in organization. Psychological capital (PsyCap) is the positive state of an individual, comprising of self‐efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience. Employees with high psychological capital contribute positively to objectives and business strategy of an organization. An experimental dataset comprising of the psychological capital information of 329 employees in an organization was used to fit a data mining classification model. To ensure model accuracy, 220 observations were used as training set, whereas 109 were set aside to validate the model. Various statistical tests for goodness of fit and predictive accuracy were deployed to test model performance. The model has the ability to classify an individual's psychological capital into either high or low class with a predictive accuracy of 93%. The classification model is expected to serve as a tool in human resource management when measuring psychological capital of employees during recruitment interviews and promotion appraisals. 相似文献
596.
597.
Governments increasingly require administrators to develop outcome measurements that reflect a program's impact on society. But standard approaches to performance measurement have neglected the impact on citizenship outcomes—the individual civic capacities and dispositions and social bonds of civic reciprocity and trust. The concept is adapted from the growing policy feedback literature in political science, which offers strong empirical evidence that certain policies have measurable effects on citizenship outcomes such as political participation, social capital, a sense of civic belonging, and self-worth as a citizen. Using the Program Assessment Rating Tool as an example, the authors demonstrate the failure of performance assessments to consider the civic implications of public policies. They argue that performance management systems should focus on citizenship outcomes and offer a series of suggestions on how to measure such outcomes. 相似文献
598.
599.
Donald F. Kettl 《Journal of policy analysis and management》1997,16(3):446-462
Since the late 1970s, a truly remarkable revolution has swept public management around the world. Understanding this revolution means sorting through three issues: the basic ideas of reform; the connections between the reforms and governmental processes, like budgeting and personnel; and the links between these processes and governance. These reforms have proven surprisingly productive but, in the process, they have raised a new generation of fundamentally important issues that have been largely unexplored. 相似文献
600.
Audretsch David B. Cunningham James A. Kuratko Donald F. Lehmann Erik E. Menter Matthias 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2019,44(2):313-325
The Journal of Technology Transfer - Despite the overwhelming use of the metaphor ‘ecosystem’ in academia, industry, policy, and management, exact definitions of what... 相似文献