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691.
692.
Donald P. Moynihan 《Public administration review》2009,69(5):813-822
In responding to Professor Lynn's criticism that the field of public administration has been insufficiently attentive to law, this article offers an alternative perspective on the source of administrative legitimacy. Leonard White understood that public administration is shaped by its broader context. It does not assert its own values but, in an effort to maintain legitimacy, reflects the political and cultural values of its environment. In White's time, the extraordinary challenges that the state faced, and its subsequent transformation, demanded a management capacity that previously had not existed. While the role of law as a formal means of control is generally accepted, it must take its place with management and other administrative values in the exercise of legal discretionary behavior. Asserting law, or any other single administrative value, as dominant undercuts other values that act as sources of legitimacy. 相似文献
693.
James E. Sutton Paul E. Bellair Brian R. Kowalski Ryan Light Donald T. Hutcherson 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2011,27(2):173-171
Data collection using the life event calendar method is growing, but reliability is not well established. We examine test–retest
reliability of monthly self-reports of criminal behavior collected using a life event calendar from a random sample of minimum
and medium security prisoners. Tabular analysis indicates substantial agreement between self-reports of drug dealing, property,
and violent crime during a baseline interview (test) and a follow-up (retest) approximately 3 weeks later. Hierarchical analysis
reveals that criminal activity reported during the initial test is strongly associated with responses given in the retest,
and that the relationship varies only by the lag in days between the initial interview and the retest. Analysis of validity
reveals that self-reported incarceration history is strongly predictive of official incarceration history although we were
unable to address whether subjects could correctly identify the months they were incarcerated. African Americans and older
subjects provide more valid responses but in practical terms the differences in validity are not large. 相似文献
694.
Katherine A. Roberts Ph.D. Donald J. Johnson M.S. Sherillelynn Cruz M.S. Heather Simpson M.S. Alan Safer Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(4):909-918
This study examined whether flossing the teeth is a more effective collection method in recovering spermatozoa than conventional swabbing techniques. It was hypothesized that inclusion of flossing as a collection method would extend the recovery of spermatozoa to longer postcoital intervals (PCIs). Eighteen individuals provided 174 oral cavity samples. Successful recovery of spermatozoa was assessed with respect to the collection method and reported activity in the oral cavity during the PCI. Samples were subjected to a differential extraction procedure prior to microscopic evaluation of the extracted pellet. The results indicate that swabbing is more effective than flossing when the PCI falls within 1.5–12 h. However, spermatozoa were recovered from seven floss samples where the corresponding swabs gave negative results. When combining the results from the two collection methods, the percentage of subjects from whom spermatozoa are recovered increases for each PCI beyond the 0‐h interval. 相似文献
695.
696.
Barry C. Burden David T. Canon Kenneth R. Mayer Donald P. Moynihan 《Public administration review》2012,72(5):741-751
This article argues that administrative burden—that is, an individual's experience of policy implementation as onerous—is an important consideration for administrators and influences their views on policy and governance options. The authors test this proposition in the policy area of election administration using a mixed‐method assessment of local election officials. They find that the perceived administrative burden of policies is associated with a preference to shift responsibilities to others, perceptions of greater flaws and lesser merit in policies that have created the burden (to the point that such judgments are demonstrably wrong), and opposition to related policy innovations. 相似文献
697.
Rodger Jamieson Lesley Pek Wee Land Donald Winchester Greg Stephens Alex Steel Alana Maurushat Rick Sarre 《Computer Law & Security Report》2012
Identity fraud as a term and concept in its formative stages was often presumed to be identity theft and visa versa. However, identity theft is caused by the identities (or tokens) of individuals or organisations being stolen is an enabling precursor to identity fraud. The boundaries of identity fraud and identity theft are now better defined. The absence of specific identity crime legislation could be a cause of perpetrators not classified as breaching identity crimes but under other specific entrenched law such as benefit fraud, or credit card fraud. This metrics overlap can cause bias in crime management information systems. This study uses a multi-method approach where data was collected in both a quantitative and qualitative manner. These approaches are used as a lens for defining different classes of online identity crimes in a crime management (IS) security context. In doing so, we contribute to a deeper understanding of identity crime by specifically examining its hierarchical classes and definitions; to aid clearer structure in crime management IS. We seek to answer the questions: should current law around identity fraud continue to be reinforced and measures introduced to prevent identity crime; should laws be amended; or should new identity crime laws be constructed? We conclude and recommend a solution incorporating elements of all three. 相似文献
698.
There has been little direct, systematic empirical analysis of the role that universities play in enhancing the success of entrepreneurial ventures. We attempt to fill this gap by analyzing data from the US SBIR program, a ??set-aside?? program that requires key federal agencies (e.g., Department of Defense) to allocate 2.5% of their research budget to small firms that attempt to commercialize new technologies. Based on estimation of Tobit and negative binomial regressions of the determinants of commercial success, we find that start-ups with closer ties to universities achieve higher levels of performance. 相似文献
699.
Stefan Krabel Donald S. Siegel Viktor Slavtchev 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2012,37(2):192-212
We examine whether scientists employed in foreign countries and foreign-educated native researchers are more “entrepreneurial”
than their “domestic” counterparts. We conjecture that foreign-born and foreign-educated scientists possess broader scientific
skills and social capital, which increases their likelihood that they will start their own companies. To test this hypothesis
we analyze comprehensive data from researchers at the Max Planck Society in Germany. Our findings provide strong support for
the conjecture that academic entrepreneurship can be stimulated by facilitating the mobility of scientists across countries. 相似文献
700.
Mental health courts have recently emerged as one means to reduce the number of persons with mental illness in the criminal
justice system. Using a post-test only comparison group design, this study examined rearrest rates for 1 year post discharge
among three groups meeting admission criteria for a municipal mental health court. The rearrest rate of defendants who successfully
completed the program (N = 351) was 14.5%, compared to 38% among defendants negatively terminated from the program (N = 137), and 25.8% among defendants who chose not to participate (N = 89). This positive result held even when controlling for a range of variables in a Cox regression survival analysis. Factors
associated with rearrest are identified for each of the three groups. 相似文献