The effect of conditions of putrefaction on species determination in human and animal teeth

Tooth fragments freshly extracted from humans and rats were stored at either 4 degrees C or room temperature in dry or humid conditions for periods ranging from 1 to 6 months. The fragments were reduced to powder and antigens were extracted. Comparison of these samples was carried out using Counter Current Electrophoresis. Extracted sera were tested against known specific antisera and resultant precipitin reactions stained for examination. Correct species identification was possible both from desiccated and humid fragments but there was species variation in the sensitivity of the method. All the extracts from human teeth were positive against human antisera. In the rat some test specimens were initially negative but became positive following further dilution of the extracts.     

HIV-infection in forensic autopsy cases

Sudden and unexpected death and violent death of persons with a high risk of acquiring HIV-infections, especially homosexual males and intravenous drug abusers, have to be investigated by forensic autopsies. Therefore every forensic pathologist has to be aware of this infection and should try to make the proper diagnosis. Three typical cases are described: (1) suicide by hanging, (2) homicide by cutting the throat and (3) intravenous heroin overdose. Merely retrospectively it could be cleared up that the deceased were homosexual but did not manifestly suffer from AIDS. The morphological findings in the lymph nodes and the postmortem serological findings are described in detail.     

POLICING CORPORATE COLLUSION*

This is a documentary study of the origin and investigation of all criminal prosecutions of collusive trade agreements filed by the Antitrust Division, US. Department of Justice from 1946 through 1970. The methodology seeks to reconstruct these cases from previously classified investigative files of the division. Observations include the sources of organizational intelligence, investigative methods, and encounters among antitrust victims, offenders, and officials. Most cases originate with complainants and informants outside the agency, but most evidence is obtained with the cooperation of offenders, who usually receive immunity or leniency in return. The conclusions suggest that public exposure of trade conspiracies serves as a deterrent despite weak penalties.