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191.
Jenkins SR Mitchell JL Baird S Whitfield SR Meyer HL 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2011,26(12):2392-2412
Should counselors with interpersonal trauma histories work with similarly traumatized clients? How does the work affect them? Current research is inconsistent. This study examines 101 sexual assault and domestic violence counselors' recalled motivations for trauma work, their reported subjective personal changes, and their secondary and vicarious trauma symptoms and burnout. Counselors motivated by interpersonal trauma report both more symptoms and positive changes (including dealing with their own trauma). Those seeking personal meaning report becoming more hypervigilant and self-isolating. Those saying they learned from clients rate symptoms lower, suggesting stress inoculation. Supervisors of trauma counselors should facilitate learning from clients separately from processing the counselor's trauma. 相似文献
192.
In west-central Alberta, Canada, an ambitious collaborative conservation program for grizzly bears began in 1999, after extensive
controversy over the Cheviot coal mine project and successful negotiation of a unique federal–provincial strategic framework
for grizzly bear conservation. Unfortunately that program was effectively terminated without any substantive implementation
of its research findings. The regional ecosystem approach for conserving grizzlies in the Foothills Model Forest originated
in federal and provincial legislative processes but proved vulnerable to shifting goals and containment by a single powerful
participant. This case study’s results demonstrate vulnerabilities of the ecosystem management approach to conserving large
carnivores. To enable other such conservation efforts to achieve their goals, we recommend supporting emergent small-scale
initiatives and designing collaborative institutions that limit the potential for containment of decision processes. 相似文献
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195.
This article argues that the use of principles in WTO disputeresolution is both necessary and desirable. However, Panelsand the Appellate Body (WTO Tribunals) have often ignored principlesor not clearly identified the legal basis for their use. Thisarticle establishes a framework for the use of principles (inparticular principles of WTO law, principles of customary internationallaw, and general principles of law) in WTO dispute settlement.Broadly, WTO Tribunals can use principles drawn from these categoriesto interpret WTO provisions, based on Article 3.2 of the DSU,and Articles 31 and 32 of the VCLT. This follows most directlyfrom a teleological approach to interpretation, but principlesalso feature under subjective and textual approaches to interpretation.WTO Tribunals may also use certain principles in a non-interpretativemanner. Indeed, this may be necessary, particularly to addressprocedural issues. Precisely how a principle may be used dependson its type, content and status. 相似文献
196.
197.
Military enlistment programs offer offenders opportunities to serve in the armed forces as alternatives to traditional criminal sanctioning both prior and post adjudication. Offender enlistment as a form of diversion embodies a rehabilitative ideal but faces formidable cultural and institutional implementation barriers, including recruiting regulations, security clearance requirements, public relations considerations, and military distrust. This study explored the utility of offender enlistment as an emotionally intelligent justice system intervention. It is argued that offender enlistment addresses internal and external offender control deficits while avoiding the expense and stigma of incarceration. The policy implications of offender enlistment as normative practice are considered. 相似文献
198.
Douglas Mossman Michael D. Bowen David J. Vanness David Bienenfeld Terry Correll Jerald Kay William M. Klykylo Douglas S. Lehrer 《Law and human behavior》2010,34(5):402-417
This study asked whether latent class modeling methods and multiple ratings of the same cases might permit quantification
of the accuracy of forensic assessments. Five evaluators examined 156 redacted court reports concerning criminal defendants
who had undergone hospitalization for evaluation or restoration of their adjudicative competence. Evaluators rated each defendant’s
Dusky-defined competence to stand trial on a five-point scale as well as each defendant’s understanding of, appreciation of, and
reasoning about criminal proceedings. Having multiple ratings per defendant made it possible to estimate accuracy parameters
using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, despite the absence of any “gold standard” for the defendants’ true competence
status. Evaluators appeared to be very accurate, though this finding should be viewed with caution. 相似文献
199.
The plant Catha edulis, known more commonly as khat, has been consumed for centuries for its stimulatory effects, especially by people living in East Africa. As people from Somalia, Ethiopia and other East African countries have migrated to Australia, they have brought with them the practice of chewing khat. This article examines the claims made about the effects of khat on health and wellbeing and explores the approaches to the regulation of khat in Australia and overseas. The article concludes with a discussion of some of the concerns associated with current regulatory approaches and makes some suggestions for reform. 相似文献
200.
Matthew I. Mitchell 《冲突、安全与发展》2012,12(2):171-191
Many scholars have expressed grave concerns over the increased popularity of power-sharing agreements in Africa, arguing that power-sharing is an unstable form of government that provides only short-term reprieve from violent conflict. While most African experiments with power-sharing have failed, this does not necessarily invalidate the case for employing such agreements. The critical importance of context has been cited as a key factor in explaining the success or failure of power-sharing. In other words, it is not that power-sharing is inherently flawed but rather that it should only be employed in certain contexts. This article examines the role of context in explaining different power-sharing outcomes by analysing power-sharing in Côte d'Ivoire. The country provides an excellent case study for examining the importance of context as power-sharing agreements have been adopted in a variety of contexts with diverging outcomes. The article systematically examines key peace agreements and resulting power-sharing arrangements since the outbreak of civil war in 2002 in order to evaluate which factors help to explain successes and failures of power-sharing in Côte d'Ivoire. The article concludes by considering how previous examples may help to shed light on future prospects for power-sharing in Côte d'Ivoire and elsewhere. 相似文献