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131.
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John M. Lanasa Ph.D. William D. Presutti Jr. Ph.D. 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1988,13(1):49-53
Technology management must be improved if the US is to cope in an aggressively competitive international marketplace. It is
becoming increasingly clear that investing in technologically advanced plant and equipment alone is not enough to compete
successfully. To raise levels of efficiency and effectiveness in technology management, firms must develop a multi-dimensional
approach to solving problems associated with manufacturing process. A way to capture scenarios for decision-making is through
expert systems—programs that have wide bases of knowledge in restricted domains and utilize complex inferential reasoning
to perform tasks that human beings could accomplish, but less efficiently. These systems contain a great deal of knowledge
about a specific problem areas and disciplines. They also allow expertise to be distributed throughout the firms, raising
competence levels and the productivity of non-experts. 相似文献
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The enactment of national environmental management programswas prompted, in large part, by the perceived failure of stateand local government officials to deal adequately with pollutioncontrol and resource management problems. Paradoxically, theimplementation of several important environmental managementprograms relies heavily on these same state and local officials.Congress has sought to resolve this paradox by requiring federalevaluation of state and local environmental planning and managementactivities. Many of these evaluations are little more than routinefiscal audits. However one agency, the Office of Coastal ZoneManagement, has sought to develop a systematic evaluation processfocusing on all aspects of state coastal zone programs. Theseevaluative efforts have led to intergovernmental tensions, mostnotably with regard to the purposes and methods of evaluation,the appropriate roles of federal and state officials, and theresources available for evaluation. In spite of these tensions,there is broad agreement about the value of the evaluation processand its potential applicability in other contexts. 相似文献
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Ronald S. Warren Jr. 《Public Choice》1984,42(3):287-294
A number of recent studies have reported estimates of single equation and simultaneous equations models of the decisions of state legislatures. These investigations have been ‘economic’ ones, in the sense that considerations of the relative costs and benefits to some self-interested person or group capable of affecting legislative outcomes have motivated the choice of explanatory variables. Thus, perhaps implicitly, these studies have assumed utility maximization by some critical agent(s) in the political marketplace. This essay draws attention to the implications of this maximizing assumption for the proper specification and estimation of the associated empirical models. 相似文献