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901.
In an era of fiscal constraints and increased accountability for social service programs, having a centralized and efficient infrastructure is critical. A well-functioning infrastructure helps a state reduce duplication of services, creates economies of scale, coordinates resources, supports high-quality site development and promotes the self-sufficiency and growth of community-based programs. Throughout the Healthy Families America home visitation network, both program growth and contraction have been managed by in-state collaborations, referred to as "state systems." This article explores the research base that supports the rationale for implementing state systems, describes the evolution of state systems for Healthy Families America, and discusses the benefits, challenges and lessons learned of utilizing a systems approach. 相似文献
902.
Numerous studies have addressed sex estimation from the hands and feet with varying results. These studies have utilized multiple measurements to determine sex from the hands and feet, including measures of robusticity (e.g., base width and midshaft diameter). However, robusticity measurements are affected by activity, which can disguise underlying patterns of sexual dimorphism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of length measurements of the hands and feet to estimate sex. The sample consists of white females (n=123) and males (n=136) from the Terry Collection. Discriminant function analysis was used to classify individuals by sex. The left hand outperformed both the right hand and foot producing correct classification rates exceeding 80%. Surprisingly, the phalanges were better sex discriminators than either the metacarpals or metatarsals. This study suggests that length measures are more appropriate than robusticity measures for sex estimation. 相似文献
903.
904.
Harcke HT Levy AD Abbott RM Mallak CT Getz JM Champion HR Pearse L 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2007,28(1):13-19
This study compared full-body digital radiography (DR) with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the postmortem evaluation of gunshot wound (GSW) victims. Thirteen consecutive male GSW victims (mean age, 27 years) had full-body DR and MDCT prior to routine autopsy. DR successfully identified all metallic fragments, but MDCT was superior in its ability to precisely determine location because it provided 3-dimensional anatomic localization. In all cases, MDCT more accurately assessed organ injuries and wound tracks. Both DR and MDCT are limited in classifying multiple wounds and major vessel injury, but MDCT is generally superior to DR. MDCT shows significant advantages over DR in the forensic evaluation of GSW victims. This is particularly advantageous for the pathologist retrieving metallic fragments and for describing fracture detail accurately. Use of MDCT instead of radiographs will require medical examiners to become familiar with reading cross-sectional images. 相似文献
905.
Is the Magic Still There? The Use of the Heckman Two-Step Correction for Selection Bias in Criminology 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Shawn Bushway Brian D. Johnson Lee Ann Slocum 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2007,23(2):151-178
Issues of selection bias pervade criminological research. Despite their ubiquity, considerable confusion surrounds various
approaches for addressing sample selection. The most common approach for dealing with selection bias in criminology remains
Heckman’s [(1976) Ann Econ Social Measure 5:475–492] two-step correction. This technique has often been misapplied in criminological
research. This paper highlights some common problems with its application, including its use with dichotomous dependent variables,
difficulties with calculating the hazard rate, misestimated standard error estimates, and collinearity between the correction
term and other regressors in the substantive model of interest. We also discuss the fundamental importance of exclusion restrictions,
or theoretically determined variables that affect selection but not the substantive problem of interest. Standard statistical
software can readily address some of these common errors, but the real problem with selection bias is substantive, not technical.
Any correction for selection bias requires that the researcher understand the source and magnitude of the bias. To illustrate
this, we apply a diagnostic technique by Stolzenberg and Relles [(1997) Am Sociol Rev 62:494–507] to help develop intuition
about selection bias in the context of criminal sentencing research. Our investigation suggests that while Heckman’s two-step
correction can be an appropriate technique for addressing this bias, it is not a magic solution to the problem. Thoughtful consideration is therefore needed before employing this common but overused technique.
相似文献
Brian D. JohnsonEmail: |
906.
Chen X Thrane L Whitbeck LB Johnson KD Hoyt DR 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2007,22(9):1156-1183
This study examines the effects of childhood-onset conduct disorder on later antisocial behavior and street victimization among a group of homeless and runaway adolescents. Four hundred twenty-eight homeless and runaway youth were interviewed directly on the streets and in shelters from four Midwestern states. Key findings include the following. First, compared with those who exhibit adolescent-onset conduct disorder, youth with childhood onset are more likely to engage in a series of antisocial behaviors such as use of sexual and nonsexual survival strategies. Second, youth with childhood-onset conduct disorder are more likely to experience violent victimization; this association, however, is mostly through an intervening process such as engagement in deviant survival strategies. 相似文献
907.
With recognition that police intervention by itself is not entirely effective, in recent years there has been a shift in public
policies towards the implementation of a coordinated community response to domestic violence incidents. This article examines
the impact of participation in several aspects of a coordinated community response (CCR) in a mid-sized city in the Midwest.
Specifically, recidivism was examined using information on officially recorded re-arrests for 131 male domestic violence offenders
involved in a CCR type intervention. In addition, exploratory analyses attempt to determine if certain offender characteristics
are related to their likely of progressing through each of several post-conviction components of this CCR-type intervention.
Limitations of the research and suggestions for policy responses to domestic violence are discussed.
相似文献
Lisa R. MuftićEmail: |
908.
Highly publicized incidents of serious school violence have resulted in the enactment of numerous rules and regulations, many
of which are overly restrictive in nature. These restrictive policies are based on an unsubstantiated belief that school violence
has become a national epidemic. Further, while offered under the guise of safety and security, these policies have resulted
in the limitations of students’ rights. The purpose of this paper is to explore those limitations. Utilizing Sykes’ typology,
“pains of imprisonment”, we discuss the deprivations that exist within the school institution. Recommendations for seeking
a balance between the rights of students and the needs of school administrators to maintain a safe school environment are
also offered.
Lisa Hutchinson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Correctional and Juvenile Justice Studies at Eastern Kentucky University. Prior to joining the faculty at EKU she taught at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Dr. Wallace received her Ph.D. in Urban Studies from the University of New Orleans in 2002 and her master’s degree in criminal justice and undergraduate degree in social and rehabilitative services from the University of Southern Mississippi. Her current research interests include program and training evaluation, school crime and violence, juvenile delinquency and the evaluation of differential oppression theory. Wesley E. Pullman LCSW, runs his own private practice in rural Virginia providing counseling and intensive in home family services to troubled youth and their families. He earned his undergraduate degree from Washington & Lee University and his Ph.D. from Virginia Commonwealth University. He has practiced professionally in the areas of child welfare, juvenile justice, family therapy, and refugee resettlement. Dr. Pullman is the author of African American Men in Crisis: Proactive Strategies for Urban Youth and served on the faculties of numerous colleges and universities in Virginia, Maryland, Alaska and abroad. 相似文献
Lisa HutchinsonEmail: |
Lisa Hutchinson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Correctional and Juvenile Justice Studies at Eastern Kentucky University. Prior to joining the faculty at EKU she taught at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Dr. Wallace received her Ph.D. in Urban Studies from the University of New Orleans in 2002 and her master’s degree in criminal justice and undergraduate degree in social and rehabilitative services from the University of Southern Mississippi. Her current research interests include program and training evaluation, school crime and violence, juvenile delinquency and the evaluation of differential oppression theory. Wesley E. Pullman LCSW, runs his own private practice in rural Virginia providing counseling and intensive in home family services to troubled youth and their families. He earned his undergraduate degree from Washington & Lee University and his Ph.D. from Virginia Commonwealth University. He has practiced professionally in the areas of child welfare, juvenile justice, family therapy, and refugee resettlement. Dr. Pullman is the author of African American Men in Crisis: Proactive Strategies for Urban Youth and served on the faculties of numerous colleges and universities in Virginia, Maryland, Alaska and abroad. 相似文献
909.
Lisa B.E. Shields M.D. Cristin M. Rolf M.D. Gregory J. Davis M.D. John C. Hunsaker III M.D. J.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(6):1641-1645
Abstract: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is a connective tissue disorder characterized by the inability to produce sufficient amounts of collagen or a defect in the structure of collagen. The most serious complications include a rupture of a viscus or vascular rupture with or without mural dissection. Death may result from internal hemorrhage. This report describes three cases of sudden and unexpected death caused by EDS type IV. Two cases involved hemothorax as a result of dissection of the subclavian artery and aorta, respectively. The third case represented spontaneous pulmonary rupture and hemorrhage. A detailed family history should be sought, and additional specimens collected to confirm the diagnosis, including skin fibroblasts for collagen testing and blood for DNA testing. The forensic pathologist should consider the possibility of EDS type IV upon discovery of spontaneous visceral or arterial rupture and should alert the family members of this hereditary and potentially fatal condition. 相似文献
910.
Ann W. Bunch Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):1102-1104
Abstract: The 2007 exhumation of three children’s graves, located in rural upstate New York and dating to 1979 and 1980, was warranted as their mother had come under suspicion for the death of a child she had been babysitting in late 2006. The local March weather conditions had been wet, and heavy rains fell during the 2‐day process of casket removal. The extremely wet soil and the poor preservation of two wooden caskets increased the likelihood of damage to evidence. After remains’ transport to the forensic center, an indoor wet‐screening station was established so that skeletal elements could be (i) separated from soil matrix and (ii) preserved carefully for analysis. Not only were the remains relatively small and fragile in comparison with those of an adult, but two of the three remains were known to be fire damaged, thus the use of special laboratory preparation techniques was crucial. 相似文献