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621.
Jill A. Gordon Blythe Proulx Patricia H. Grant 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2013,38(2):245-265
Determining the attitudes of correctional officers relative to their level of fear and risk of victimization is important to investigate due to the relationship of the conditions of confinement and the care and custody of offenders. Furthermore, consideration of such attitudes by gender may uncover differences because of the unique obstacles female corrections officers face. This study examines the level of fear and risk of both inmate and staff related victimization by gender through administering a survey to all corrections officers employed in the adult prisons within one-state. The overall analysis indicated some level of apprehension among officers regarding their fear and risk of victimization for inmate-precipitated victimization more than staff-to-staff victimization. Female officers were also more likely to demonstrate a higher level of perceived fear and risk of inmate-precipitated and staff-precipitated victimization. In addition, race and security level were shown to be significant as predictors of both fear and perceived risk of victimization among officers. 相似文献
622.
Tracy M. Gordon 《Public Choice》2009,141(1-2):31-48
This paper provides one of the first empirical analyses of the local voter initiative. Using a unique and comprehensive dataset from California, it analyzes determinants of local initiatives and effects of these measures on municipal finances. Results indicate that initiatives occur more frequently in large and diverse jurisdictions with more recent movers, voters unaffiliated with a major political party, and public employees. Effects of city size are partly offset by district- or ward-level elections. Contrary to previous research on statewide initiatives, this study detects a positive and weakly significant relationship between local initiative use and own-source revenues per capita and no association between initiatives and the proportion of funds raised from fees. These divergent findings may reflect distinctive features of the local context, including greater latitude for political bargaining and the centrality of land use, as well as potential constraining effects of statewide initiatives in California. 相似文献
623.
Melissa Gross Elizabeth P. Cramer Janett Forte Jill A. Gordon Tara Kunkel Laura J. Moriarty 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2000,24(2):301-312
Past domestic violence research has tended to focus on issues related to law enforcement responses. More recently, the focus
has shifted to other components of the criminal justice system, such as prosecution and correctional responses, to determine
the best way to reduce domestic violence. This project is a case study of 177 male convicted domestic violence offenders who
were sentenced to one of five options: community corrections; jail; a suspended sentence; private counseling, a fine, or restitution;
and advisement. The focus of this inquiry is on the likelihood of each sanction reducing future arrests and convictions for
domestic violence. The results reveal that no one sanction is more effective than the other options.
A draft of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Criminal Justice Association, Chattanooga, TN, 1999.
The authors would like to thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions on an
earlier version of this paper. This work stems from a project started by Chesterfield County and Melissa Gross to complete
her Master of Social Work degree requirements. The primary authors of this piece are Jill A. Gordon and Laura J. Moriarty.
The ordering of names are alphabetical after Melissa Gross. 相似文献
624.
Eleanor Farrar Mcgowan 《Policy Sciences》1976,7(4):439-454
This is a case study of how (and why) the National Institute of Education used program evaluation and systematic planning, both orchestrated by guidelines and rules, for managing the implementation of one broad-aim educational innovation. The story has two main themes. The minor theme concerns uncertainty—about the goals of the innovation, how to develop them, and, indeed, NIE's survival. The major theme concerns NIE's attempt to use rational management strategies—evaluation and long-range planning—to reduce the uncertainties. It was hoped that guidelines would shape the developers' evaluation and planning efforts to produce information which would satisfy a variety of audiences—NIE top managers, Congress, oversight bureaus, the academic community. The case study will show that this use of rationality and control to direct the innovation's implementation produced a number of problems. These included invalid information, unsurfaced conflict, information which the development agencies could not share with NIE, and an unrealistic notion at NIE about what was happening in the field. Rather than producing more accurate information for managerial decision-making, then, the guidelines produced information that was far from the truth. This in turn made the development and implementation of the innovation more confused, and rather than reducing uncertainty, increased it all around. 相似文献
625.
626.
Purpose. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of personality variables, interrogation techniques and the plausibility level of an alleged transgression on the experimental elicitation of false confessions. Methods. Two hundred and nineteen undergraduate students assessed on measures of compliance, self‐esteem, locus of control and interrogative suggestibility participated in the Kassin and Kiechel (1996) paradigm. Experimental manipulations included minimization and maximization interrogation techniques and high and low plausibility of the alleged typing mistake to examine rates of false confession and internalization. Results. The overall false confession and internalization rates across all conditions were 43 and 10%, respectively. An increased likelihood of false confession behaviour was associated with higher Shift scores on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, the use of minimization interrogation techniques and an increase in the plausibility of the allegation. Females were more likely to falsely confess than males in the high plausibility condition, whereas Caucasian and Asian participants were equally likely to falsely confess. Personality variables, such as compliance, most influenced the behaviour of males and Asians. Conclusions. The results of this study offer insight into false confession behaviour, suggesting that individuals who have a tendency to change their responses in the face of negative feedback may be more prone to false confession behaviour. The findings also serve to highlight the dangers of using minimization interrogation techniques and elucidate the limited generalizability of the paradigm to situations in which the alleged transgression is less plausible. 相似文献
627.
Perceptions of children's credibility were studied in two experiments wherein participants watched a videotape of a 4- to 5- or a 6- to 7-year old child report details of a play session that had been experienced once (single-event) or was the last in a series of four similar play sessions (repeat-event). The child's report was classified as high or low accurate. In Experiments 1 and 2, reports of repeat-event children were judged to be less believable on several measures. In Experiment 1, younger children were viewed as less credible than older children. In both experiments, neither undergraduates nor community members correctly discriminated between high- and low-accurate reports. Content analysis in Study 3 revealed the relationship between age and event frequency and children's credibility ratings was mediated by the internal consistency of children's reports. Recent research on children's reports of instances of repeated events has identified several challenges facing children who report repeated abuse. These data bring to light another potential difficulty for these children. 相似文献
628.
Exposure of forensic evidence to either hydrogen chloride or chlorine can result in acidification to such an extent that enhancement of fingermarks with ninhydrin or cyanoacrylate is inhibited. Under these circumstances, pretreatment of samples with volatile bases such as triethylamine or ethanolamine prior to using these enhancement techniques can lead to successful visualization of fingermarks. Alternatively, physical enhancement techniques such as powder dusting or small particle reagent can be used on acidified non-porous substrates, although the former technique is subject to increased background under such conditions. 相似文献
629.
Victoria?M.?EssesEmail author Scott?Veenvliet Gordon?Hodson Ljiljana?Mihic 《Social Justice Research》2008,21(1):4-25
Three studies were conducted to test the role of the dehumanization of refugees (through claims that they are immoral) in
determining emotional reactions to refugees, attitudes toward refugees, and attitudes toward current refugee policy in Canada.
We also examined determinants of such perceptions. In Studies 1 and 2, correlational analyses and structural equation modeling
were utilized. In both studies, it was demonstrated that individuals who are higher in social dominance orientation are especially
likely to dehumanize refugees, and this dehumanization leads to greater contempt and lack of admiration for refugees, resulting
in less favorable attitudes toward the group and toward the nation’s current refugee policy. Study 3 was an experiment in
which we examined the effects of information presented about refugees on emotions and attitudes. Results demonstrated that
dehumanizing media depictions of refugees as violating appropriate procedures and trying to cheat the system cause greater contempt and lack of admiration for refugees in general, which in turn lead to less favorable attitudes toward the
group and less support for the current refugee policy. Results are discussed in terms of the functions that dehumanization
may serve, and potential strategies for counteracting such effects.
Preparation of this article was supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada grant to the first
author. Portions of this research were presented at the 2005 EAESP Small Group Meeting on Social Justice and Intergroup Conflict,
Lisbon, Portugal, and at the 2005 Meeting of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, Wurzburg, Germany 相似文献
630.
The economic restructuring in China over the past decade has resulted in displacement of millions of workers who had been
employed in the state sector. This has posed tremendous challenges economically, socially, politically, and culturally. For
several years, Chinese policies attempted to cushion the shock by requiring state-owned enterprises to provide living allowances
and reemployment services to workers who had been displaced. There have been few empirical studies that have tracked the experiences
of these displaced or xiagang workers. This study uses survey data from two large industrial cities covering the period 1998–2000 to analyze the labor
market situation of over 2,000 workers 2 years after they had been observed as displaced and unemployed. The findings point
to the high rates of labor force withdrawal and a low proportion who find another wage job in the formal sector. It also documents
the large number of workers who find work in the informal sector which seems to act as an important safety net. Not surprisingly,
education is an important determinant of post-layoff labor market outcomes. Active labor market interventions do not seem
to make a substantial difference although there is some evidence from the duration analysis that training does help workers
find employment more quickly than they would have otherwise.
相似文献
Niels-Hugo Blunch (Corresponding author)Email: |