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251.
Much of the mental health, substance use, and educational programming within a particular women's prison in the southwestern United States promotes individual choice and agency. Incarcerated women from rural areas are told that their ability to succeed outside of prison is primarily dependent upon their personal choices. Comparably little attention is given to preparing women for their upcoming release or to overcoming structural barriers that could undermine successful reentry within rural communities. As a result, these returning citizens, many of whom grapple with mental illness and alcohol or drug dependence, blame themselves for their inability to surmount these barriers. In this qualitative research, we draw upon the perspectives of 99 incarcerated women to clarify how ideologies of individual choice promulgated in reentry pedagogy clash with contextual factors within rural communities to derail the reentry process. We also consider community reentry from Amartya Sen's capabilities framework and discuss how this model could inform needed interventions. 相似文献
252.
253.
There is strong evidence that early pubertal timing is associated with adolescent problem behaviors. However, there has been
limited investigation of the mechanisms or developmental relationships. The present study examined longitudinal models incorporating
pubertal timing, delinquency, and sexual activity in a sample of 454 adolescents (9–13 years old at enrollment; 47% females).
Participants were seen for three assessments approximately 1 year apart. Characteristics of friendship networks (older friends,
male friends, older male friends) were examined as mediators. Structural equation modeling was used to test these associations
as well as temporal relationships between sexual activity and delinquency. Results showed that early pubertal timing at Time
1 was related to more sexual activity at Time 2, which was related to higher delinquency at Time 3, a trend mediation effect.
None of the friendship variables mediated these associations. Gender or maltreatment status did not moderate the meditational
pathways. The results also supported the temporal sequence of sexual activity preceding increases in delinquency. These findings
reveal that early maturing adolescents may actively seek out opportunities to engage in sexual activity which appears to be
risk for subsequent delinquency. 相似文献
254.
Wesley G. Jennings MiRang Park Elizabeth A. Tomsich Angela R. Gover Ronald L. Akers 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2011,36(2):188-206
Research has recently begun to identify an overlap of involvement in offending and victimization and a shared commonality
of risk factors for both outcomes. Despite this growing body of evidence, this research has yet to have been extended to dating
violence in general and in cross cultural samples specifically. Recognizing these gaps in the literature, the current study
examines the correlation between psychological and physical dating violence perpetration and victimization among a large sample
of South Korean college students. Results from a series of bivariate probit models suggest that there is a strong degree of
overlap between dating violence perpetration and victimization and that social learning theory and self-control theory cannot
explain away the overlap. Study limitations and implications are also discussed. 相似文献
255.
Kally J. Nelson Cara Laney Nicci Bowman Fowler Eric D. Knowles Deborah Davis Elizabeth F. Loftus 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2011,16(1):62-74
The current study investigated the effects of change blindness and crime severity on eyewitness identification accuracy. This research, involving 717 subjects, examined change blindness during a simulated criminal act and its effects on subjects' accuracy for identifying the perpetrator in a photospread. Subjects who viewed videos designed to induce change blindness were more likely to falsely identify the innocent actor relative to those who viewed control videos. Crime severity did not influence detection of change; however, it did have an effect on eyewitness accuracy. Subjects who viewed a more severe crime ($500 theft) made fewer errors in perpetrator identification than those who viewed a less severe crime ($5 theft). This research has theoretical implications for our understanding of change blindness and practical implications for the real‐world problem of faulty eyewitness testimony. 相似文献
256.
257.
Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
258.
Evans E Jaffe A Urada D Anglin MD 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2012,56(4):539-556
To explore the effectiveness of court-supervised drug treatment for California parolees, offender characteristics, treatment experiences, and outcomes were examined and contrasted to those of probationers. The analysis used statewide administrative data on 4,507 parolees and 22,701 probationers referred to treatment by Proposition 36 during fiscal year 2006-2007. Compared with probationers, parolee problems were more severe at treatment entry, more were treated in residential settings, treatment retention was shorter, and fewer completed treatment. Regarding outcomes, fewer parolees were successful at treatment discharge and more recidivated over 12-months post admission. Both groups improved in many areas by treatment discharge, but improvements were generally smaller among parolees. Significant interaction effects indicated that parolees benefited from residential care and more treatment days, even after controlling for covariates. Court-supervised drug treatment for parolees can "work;" however, parolees have more frequent and diverse needs, and their outcomes are enhanced by more intensive treatment. Findings suggest methods for optimizing the effectiveness of criminal-justice-supervised programs for treating drug-dependent offenders. 相似文献
259.
Joe GW Knight K Simpson DD Flynn PM Morey JT Bartholomew NG Tindall MS Burdon WM Hall EA Martin SS O'Connell DJ 《Journal of offender rehabilitation》2012,51(1-2):9-33
Finding brief effective treatments for criminal justice populations is a major public need. The CJ-DATS Targeted Intervention for Corrections (TIC), which consists of six brief interventions (Communication, Anger, Motivation, Criminal Thinking, Social Networks, and HIV/Sexual Health), were tested in separate federally-funded randomized control studies. In total, 1,573 criminal justice-involved individuals from 20 correction facilities participated (78% males; 54% white). Multi-level repeated measures analyses found significant gains in knowledge, attitudes, and psychosocial functioning (criteria basic to Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) and TCU Treatment Process Models). While improvements were less consistent in criminal thinking, overall evidence supported efficacy for the TIC interventions. 相似文献
260.
Lorraine Mazerolle Sarah Bennett Emma Antrobus Elizabeth Eggins 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2012,8(4):343-367