When Do Good Things Lift You Up? Dampening,Enhancing, and Uplifts in Relation To Depressive and Anhedonic Symptoms in Early Adolescence

Longitudinal studies examining the role of response styles to positive affect (i.e., dampening and enhancing) for depressive symptoms have yielded inconsistent results. We examined concurrent and prospective relations of dampening and enhancing with depressive and anhedonic symptoms, and whether these relations depend on the frequency of uplifts. Early adolescents (N?=?674, 51.6% girls, M_age?=?12.7 years, range 11.3–14.9) completed questionnaires three times (one-year intervals). Dampening interacted with daily uplifts predicting concurrent depressive symptoms. Dampening was unrelated to depressive and anhedonic symptoms one year later. High dampening and low enhancing predicted relative increases in anhedonia over two years. Relationships did not differ for girls and boys. Therapeutic interventions designed to promote adaptive responding to positive affect may, thus, reduce anhedonia in adolescence.     

Nationalists who feared the nation: Adriatic multi-nationalism in Habsburg Dalmatia,Trieste and Venice

Andrew Ezergailis, The Holocaust in Latvia, 1941–1944. Riga: The Historical Institute of Latvia, 1996, xxi, 465 pp.

Saul Friedländer, Nazi Germany and the Jews, Vol. I: The Years of Persecution, 1933–1939. New York: HarperCollins, 1997, xii, 436 pp.

Paul A. Levine, From Indifference to Activism: Swedish Diplomacy and the Holocaust, 1938–1944. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Historica Upsaliensia 178, 1996, 293 pp.

Yosefa Loshitzky, ed., Spielberg's Holocaust: Critical Perspectives on “Schindler's List”. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997, ix, 250 pp.     

Rwanda’s involvement in Eastern DRC: A criminal real options approach

This paper applies an alternative model to analyze criminal behaviour by countries based on real option models. Criminal options incorporate a richer framework than traditional cost-benefit models and allow examining the optimal timing of a crime as criminals have the possibility but not the obligation to commit a crime in the near future. From the model, we show how criminal states can actively manage their criminal options. More importantly, we show how the international community can optimally intervene pro-actively, by reducing the incentives for criminal states to execute their criminal options. These novel insights are then applied to two episodes of criminal behaviour by Rwanda in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): the massive killing of Hutu refugees by the Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA) in late 1996-early 1997 and the illegal exploitation of Congolese resources from August 1998 onwards. This article describes and assesses these activities from this real option perspective.