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121.
This article reports a study of women victimized by intimate partner violence (IPV). We describe three interactional aspects
of IPV: (1) responses and conduct before, during, and after IPV episodes, (2) impact of alcohol and drug intoxication, and
(3) Predictors of risk for IPV victimization in more than one partnership. A representative sample of 157 help-seeking women,
recruited from family counseling offices, the police and shelters, were interviewed about physical, psychological and sexual
IPV. The nature and characteristics of the IPV interactions were complex and heterogeneous. There were significant interactional
differences between the IPV categories concerning the women’s responses and conduct before, during and after the IPV. The
impact of alcohol and drug intoxication was relatively small on the occurrence of IPV. About 75% reported that neither the
perpetrator nor the female victim had consumed alcohol or drugs before the index IPV exposure. Only 23% of the women had experienced
IPV by previous partners. Women who had been subjected to sexual abuse in their family of origin were at almost 25 times increased
risk of IPV victimization in more than one partnership. Childhood exposure to physical IPV between parents increased the risk
of IPV victimization in more than one partnership significantly more than if the woman had been subject to childhood physical
victimization. 相似文献
122.
123.
Camilla Mørk Røstvik 《Women's history review》2018,27(5):858-865
The European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) was founded in 1954 by a group of men seeking to explore the fundamental building blocks of our Universe. Since then, they and a host of international scholars have succeeded, exemplified by the discovery of the Higgs Boson in 2012 and numerous Nobel Prize awards. But running parallel to the ‘great men’ of high-energy physics, is the untold story of the women of CERN. The organisation is an elite institution, and can thus provide insight into why numbers of women remain low in all facets of its work (except professional administrative). This viewpoint explores the role of women at CERN, both scientists and non-scientists, drawing on archival research from the organisation’s collection in Geneva and interviews, providing an analysis of why gender diversity is still one of the puzzles left for this elite space to solve. 相似文献
124.
125.
This article explores NATO's support mission to the African Union's peacekeeping operation in Darfur, Sudan between 2005 and 2007. NATO policies are commonly presented as functional responses to events, but how did a conflict on the African continent become the Atlantic Alliance's business? In this essay, a poststructuralist practice-oriented approach is used to understand the way in which discursive practices progressively establish a policy option as ‘natural' in a given situation. It is argued that the normalization of NATO's support mission to the African Union in Darfur and the integration of this operation in NATO's security identity were the result of complex and conflict-ridden social interactions between different discursive practices supported by different actors. 相似文献
126.
Compulsory commitment in mental health care represents a dramatic infringement on an individual's life. In Norway, this deprivation of liberty is based on a professional medical assessment that does not require a court verdict. This article presents possible changes that may increase legal protection for the mentally ill. The concept of legal protection has at least two definitions: the state's protection of the individual's legal rights (including the right to health care) and the protection afforded to citizens from abuse and arbitrary actions by the state. Infringements on personal liberty without consent require such legal authority as is found in the Human Rights Conventions. These Conventions have precedence over national laws. Norwegian legislation is based on confidence in psychiatry as a profession. This confidence allows professionals to treat patients against their will. In some countries, initial court action is necessary before compulsory mental health care can be implemented. This should also be possible in Norway in most cases, with the exception of life-threatening situations. 相似文献
127.
Jørgen Delman 《Journal of Chinese Political Science》2011,16(2):183-205
The article examines whether there is reciprocity between the legitimating effects of China’s regime at home and abroad and
how global governance and legitimacy interact in the case of China. This is done through an analysis of Chinese climate politics
and China’s engagement in international climate negotiations and governance, especially its behavior during and after the
Copenhagen Climate Summit in December 2009 and the Chinese regime’s efforts to legitimate this behavior. While China’s role
in international climate governance was disputed at the Copenhagen Summit, China contributed constructively to brokering a
deal with significant implications for a new climate governance architecture suiting China’s preferences and being aligned
with China’s core interests. China defended the procedural logic of the current global climate governance framework and managed
to contain institutional change. Based on Anthony Giddens’ proposition about “radicalism at the centre”, it is argued that
China’s national and international discourse on and actions associated with climate change and the international negotiations
about the new climate governance architecture seem to be able to reinforce each other and may well have a mutual legitimacy
augmenting effect for the ‘radicals at the centre’ of the Chinese regime, provided that they ensure consequential logic through
targeted reduction of GHG emissions and a “green transformation” of the economy. 相似文献
128.
虽然有关志愿者活动的参与以及志愿者动机(Motivationsto Volunteers,以下简称MTV)的研究已经受到许多国家(尤其是美国)的持续关注,但是,从文化和政治背景来解析的研究却鲜见。本文对志愿者活动的社会起源论和信息传递论这两种理论进行了比较,阐述了不同国家志愿者动机的差异,着重分析了来自6个国家具有不同文化背景的5,794名学生各自的反应。所得到的结果有力地支持了信息传递论,与此同时却淡化了社会起源论。文章得出结论:参与志愿者活动系个人的决定,更多地受个人影响,当然某种程度上也受到巨大的社会力量的影响。 相似文献
129.
Declining profitability of agriculture and/or higher prices of forest products and services typically drive an increase in forest cover. This article examines changes in forest cover in Candelaria Loxicha, Mexico. Forest cover increased in the area as a result of coffee cultivation in coffee forest-garden systems. Dependence on forest products and services, and not prices of forest products, drive the process in our study site. Low international coffee prices and high labor demand outside the community might pull farmers out of agriculture, but they do not completely abandon the lands. A diversification in income sources prevents land abandonment and contributes to maintaining rural populations and coffee forest gardens. 相似文献
130.
Kaltiala-Heino R Koivisto AM Marttunen M Fröjd S 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(10):1288-1301
Earlier research has associated early puberty with emotional and behavioral symptoms particularly among girls, while among
boys, findings have been contradictory as to whether risks are associated with early or late pubertal timing. We studied the
association between pubertal timing and substance use behaviors in middle adolescence in a 2-year follow up study of 2,070
(mean age 15.5 years, SD 0.36; 56.4% females) Finnish adolescents. Pubertal timing was measured by age at menarche/oigarche.
Eleven years or less was classified as early, 12–13 years as normative and 14 years or later as late pubertal timing. Substance
use behaviors were elicited by a number of questions related to alcohol use patterns, smoking and cannabis use. As factors
that could explain the association between pubertal timing and substance use, we studied depressive symptoms, delinquency
and aggression, and parental monitoring. In boys, all these substance use behaviors were the more common the earlier the puberty
and the associations persisted at age 17. Among girls, early pubertal timing was similarly associated with substance use behaviors
at age 15, but no longer at age 17. The associations between pubertal timing and substance use behaviors persisted when symptom
dimensions and parental monitoring were added into the models. Early puberty is a risk factor for substance use particularly
among boys. Among girls, the impact of pubertal timing already tempers off during adolescence. 相似文献