What If? The Historian and the Counterfactual

This essay lays out why many scholars, particularly historians, are inherently skeptical of counterfactuals. It highlights several of the most obvious errors that are often made by those undertaking counterfactual reasoning. It also highlights how these articles go a long way toward developing effective rules for the appropriate and most effective use of counterfactuals.     

用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦法调查西藏藏族群体GC亚型频率报道

作者采用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦法检测了142例西藏地区无关藏族青年男女GC亚型,发现6例变异型,其中2例1A变异;1例1c变异;3例1F1S-2变异,这种新的变异型,迄今国内外尚未见报道。GC亚型的基因频率分别为:GC*1F=0.3921、GC*1S=0.3705、GC*2=0.2266、GC*1A=0.0072、GC*1C=0.0036。个人识别机率为0.8079;非父排除率为0.3430。     

D18S872基因座在汉、维、蒙古、回族群体中的遗传多态性研究及其应用

目的　调查D18S872基因座在成都汉族 ,新疆维族和蒙古族 ,甘肃回族 4个民族中的遗传多态性 ,获得群体遗传学基本数据。　方法　等位基因分型标准物制备采用分子克隆技术 ,样本基因分型采用PCR和PAG垂直电泳技术、银染显色方法。　结果　获得D18S872基因座等位基因分型标准物及该基因座在 4个群体中的遗传学数据。　结论　结果表明D18S872基因座在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中有一定的应用价值。