Cows and Conquistadors: A Contribution on the Colonial Origins of Comparative Development

Identification of the impact of political and economic institutions on economic development requires the use of valid instruments for institutional quality. Recent empirical studies use colonial settler mortality rates as such an instrument. Our paper develops a more eclectic theory of colonial development, and compares the performance of the settler mortality model to alternatives incorporating instruments reflecting the factor endowments of colonial economies. Ceteris paribus, colonies with a natural comparative advantage in pastoral agriculture were more likely to experience European settlement that led to non-extractive institutions.     

The Impact of War on Calorie Food Demand in Bangladesh

Daily per capita calorie intake in Bangladesh averaged almost 2,100 (kilo)calories in the 1960s but fell to 1,840 in 1972 following the war of independence in 1971, and only by 1987 did it reach 2,000 again. This article examines the long-run relationship between per capita income, food prices and per capita calorie intake using aggregate data for Bangladesh for 1962–97 and the recent cointegration procedure of Johansen et al., which permits structural breaks. Results show that a long-run relationship exists and that the war reduced average calorie intake permanently by 10 per cent. Impulse responses show that income Granger-causes calorie intake but not vice versa.     

Changes in human capital and earnings inequality: Recent evidence from Brazil 1

Abstract

This paper estimates changes in the rates of return to human capital across the earnings distribution using data from over a 10-year period for Brazil. It uses these estimates to simulate the separate impacts of changes in returns to skills and changes in the supply of skills on earnings inequality. Evidence points strongly to growing inequality in rates of return to education in Brazil. This finding suggests that recent macroeconomic and trade reforms have been of most benefit to the skilled rather than the unskilled. Supporting evidence points to an improved competitiveness in the labour market, with workers increasingly rewarded for productivity. However, although increases in returns to education are more pronounced at the top of the earnings distribution, this did not in practice led to increased inequality. This is because levels of education and other labour market-rewarded endowments have increased and offset the rate of return effect. Appropriate education policy is therefore an essential partner for macroeconomic and trade reform if a developing economy is to avoid worsening income inequality.     

Part-time Work,Job Satisfaction and Well-being: Evidence from a Developing OECD Country

We estimate the effects of part-time work on job and life satisfaction using new data for Chile. While part-time work is being promoted to increase female labour participation in many countries, there are concerns about its quality and the overall effect on well-being of such policies. We estimate models for job and life satisfaction addressing for endogeneity and selectivity bias. We found that part-time work has a negative effect on job satisfaction and well-being for men; however, when looking at just women, the negative effect is reversed. This should be considered when designing public policies oriented at increasing female labour participation through part-time work.     

Estimation of Opportunity Inequality in Brazil using Nonparametric Local Logistic Regression

Abstract

This article measured opportunity inequality in Brazil by combining a series of theoretical and empirical tools. The database was built using a two-sample instrumental variable (TSIV), developed by Angrist and Krueger. After that, the axiomatic approach put forward by O'Neill et al. was used, in which the estimation of children's income distribution function is conditional on their fathers' wages. The inference process was based on nonparametric local logistic regression. The results indicate that Brazil has a high level of opportunity inequality. In other words, in the context of intergenerational mobility, those whose fathers belong to lower income strata have to expend greater effort in order to attain a certain income level.     

Border communities: microstudies on everyday life,politics and memory in European Societies from 1945 to the present

Louis L. Snyder, Encyclopedia of Nationalism. New York: Paragon House, 1990, bibliography, XXII, 445 pp., $35.00

Pearson, Thomas S., Russian Officialdom in Crisis: Autocracy and Local Self‐Government, 1861–1900. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 284 pp.

Charles A. Ruud, Russian Entrepreneur Publisher Ivan Sytin of Moscow 1851–1934. Montreal &; Kingston: McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1990.

George Jackson, editor, Dictionary of the Russian Revolution. New York, Westport, and London: Greenwood Press. 1989, xviii, 704 pp., $75.00.

Adam Westoby, The Evolution of Communism. New York: The Free Press, 1989, 318 pp., $22.95

Mark von Hagen, Soldiers in the Proletarian Dictatorship: The Red Army and the Soviet Socialist State, 1917–1930. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1990, index, xviii, 367 pp.

Marvin Sicker, The Strategy of Soviet Imperialism: Expansion in Eurasia. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988, viii, pp. 172

Samuel Farber, Before Stalinism. The Rise and Fall of Soviet Democracy. New York: Verso, 1990, 288 pp.

Neil Fodor, The Warsaw Treaty Organization: A Political and Organizational Analysis. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990; xv, 235 pp., $45.00.

Henry R. Huttenbach, ed., Soviet Nationality Policies: Ruling Ethnic Groups in the USSR. London: Mansell Publishing Ltd., 1990; xvi, 302 pp.

Alexander Shtromas &; Morton A. Kaplan, eds., The Soviet Union &; the Challenge of the Future, Vol. 3, Ideology, Culture &; Nationality. New York: Paragon House, 1989, xxxix, 760 pp., index, $39.95.

Alfred Erich Senn, Lithuania Awakening. Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford: University of California Press, 1990, illustrations, index, 294 pp.

Robert A. Vitas, The United States and Lithuania: The Stimson Doctrine of Nonrecognition. New York: Praeger, 1990, 176 pp.

Pedro Ramet, ed., Catholicism and Politics in Communist Societies: Christianity Under Stress. Volume II. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 1990; index, ix, 454 pp.

Martha B. Olcott (ed.), The Soviet Multinational State: Readings and Documents. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 1990. xii and 605 pp.

Bohdan Nahaylo and Victor Swoboda, Soviet Disunion: A History of the Nationalities Problem in the USSR. New York: Free Press, 1990, 432 pp. Illustrated, $29.85

Erhard Stölting, Eine Weltmacht zerbricht. Nationalitäten und Religionen in der UdSSR. Frankfurt/Man, Eichborn Verlag, 311 pp., 29,80 DM

Vladimir Tismaneanu, In Search of Civil Society: Independent Peace Movements in the Soviet Bloc. New York: Routledge, Chapman, and Hall, 1990, index, x, 184 pp., $35.00

Murray Feshback and Alfred Friendly Jr., Ecocide in the USSR: Health and Nature Under Siege. New York: Basic Books, 1992, 376 pages, $24.00.

Philip R. Pryde. Environmental Management in the Soviet Union. Foreword by Zeev Wolfson. Cambridge, UK &; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991; preface, xx, 314 pp., maps, tables, photos, index and biblio. $49.50 cloth, $14.95 paper.

Ellen Frankel Paul, Ed., Totalitarianism at the ‘Crossroads. New Brunswick (US) &; London: Transition Books, 1990.

Jorgen Kühl, De tyske mindretal i Sovjetunionen ["The German minorities in the Soviet Union"] with a summary in German. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 1990; xxxi, 159 pp.

Samvel Shakhmuradian, Sumgaitskaia Tragedia v Svidetel'stvakh Ochevidtzev ("Sumgait Through the Eyes of the Victims"). Erevan: Armianskii Fond Kul'tury, 1989.

Stephen White, John Gardner, George Schopflin and Tony Saich, Communist and Postcommunist Political Systems, An Introduction. Third Edition. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990, xi, 357 pp.

Karl Kaser, Südosteuropäische Geschichte und Geschichts‐Wissenschafi: Eine Einführung. Wien &; Koln:Bohlau Verlag, 1990, maps, graphs, 308 pp.

Marko Pavlyshyn, Glasnost in Context: On the Recurrence of Liberalizations in Central and East European Literatures and Cultures. Berg European Studies Series. New York, Oxford, Munich: Berg, 1990, bibliography, index, xi, 182 pp, cloth.

Milo Kominek, I Pod Oblohou Je Peklo. Dokumentace. Second Enlarged Edition. Toronto: Moravia Publishing, In., 1991; 318 pp., $23.00.

Ralf Dahrendorf, Reflections on the Revolution in Europe in a Letter Intended to have been Sent to a Gentleman in Warsaw. New York: Random House, Inc., 1990; 163 pp., $17.95

István Deák, Beyond Nationalism, A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps, 1848–1918. Oxford, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1990; XII, 273 pp.

Trond Gilberg, Nationalism and Communism in Romania: The Rise and Fall of Ceausescu's Personal Dictatorship, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990, x, 289 pp.

Johann Böhm, Das Nationalsozialistische Deutschland und die Deutsche Volksgruppe in Rumänien 1936–1944: Das Verhältnis der Deutschen Volksgruppe zum Dritten Reich und zum rumänischen Stoat sowie der interne Widerstreit zwischen den politischen Gruppen. (Europäische Hochschulschriften: Series 3, Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften, vol. 223) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1985. 264 pp. maps.

Gale Stokes, Politics as Development. The Emergence of Political Parties in Nineteenth‐Century Serbia. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1990, 1 map, bibliography, index, 400 pp.

William Zimmerman, Open Borders, Nonalignment, and the Political Evolution of Yugoslavia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987

Jack Wertheimer, Unwelcome Strangers: East European Jews in Imperial Germany. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987, statistical tables, index, ix, 181 pp.,$42.00.

Alfred D. Low, Soviet Jewry and Soviet Policy. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, No. 281, 1990, xv, 216 pp., notes, bibliography, index, $32.00

Anthony Polonsky, ed., ’My Brother's Keeper?’ Recent Polish Debates on the Holocaust. NY and London: Routledge, 1990, index, 242 pp.

Ronald Sanders, Shores of Refuge: A Hundred Years of Jewish Emigration. New York: Schocken Books, 1988. xiii, 673 pp.

Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990; xviii, 461 pp.

Eric J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, index, 191 pp.

Stanislaw Baranczak, Breathing Under Water and Other East European Essays. Cambridge &; London: Harvard University Press, 1990; notes, index, 245 pp., cloth

Jan Kott, ed., Four Decades of Polish Essays. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press; xi, 396 pp., $49.95 ($15.95, paper).

Aurel Braun, Ed. The Soviet‐East European Relationship in the Gorbachev Era: The Prospects for Adaptation. Boulder, CO, San Francisco, London: Westview Press, 1990. XI, 249 pp., $20.00 (paper).     

Diversity recognition and minority representation in Central and Southeast Europe: a comparative analysis

The need to handle ethnocultural diversity and the external pressures of Euro-Atlantic integration have led to the development of complex minority rights regimes in Central and Southeast European states. The aim of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of the political representation dimension of these regimes, and to investigate how the regulations in this domain are related to the more general attitude of states toward diversity recognition and registration. For this purpose, we classify the states according to a series of variables concerning the manner in which ethnocultural diversity is recognized and portrayed, as well as the regulations concerning the representation of minorities, and identify patterns of their incidence. The formal-legal analysis of the constitutions, minority protection laws and of the electoral legislation of the included countries reveals a clear connection between the general attitude of the state toward diversity and the incidence of autonomies, and a less unequivocal, yet strong relationship in the case of minority representation in the national polity.