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401.
Barbara Patrick Gregory K. Plagens Aaron Rollins Elizabeth Evans 《Public Performance & Management Review》2018,41(3):544-571
ABSTRACTOutcome based policies promote the use performance accountability models. However, the impact these policies have on the ethical culture of public sector organizations has not been adequately assessed. This research examines performance accountability reforms by examining the City of Atlanta’s implementation of federal and state performance policies. The analysis reveals the use of performance models in vulnerable organizations negatively impact employees’ ethical behavior. Teachers and administrators altered test results, delivered threats, misled parents and students about performance outcomes, and were dishonest with state investigators to give the illusion that performance goals had been met or exceeded. 相似文献
402.
In order to measure ideology, political scientists heavily rely on the so-called left-right scale. Left and right are, however, abstract political concepts and may trigger different associations among respondents. If these associations vary systematically with other variables this may induce bias in the empirical study of ideology. We illustrate this problem using a unique survey that asked respondents open-ended questions regarding the meanings they attribute to the concepts “left” and “right”. We assess and categorize this textual data using topic modeling techniques. Our analysis shows that variation in respondents’ associations is systematically related to their self-placement on the left-right scale and also to variables such as education and respondents’ cultural background (East vs. West Germany). Our findings indicate that the interpersonal comparability of the left-right scale across individuals is impaired. More generally, our study suggests that we need more research on how respondents interpret various abstract concepts that we regularly use in survey questions. 相似文献
403.
Frederick Harry Pitts 《Economy and Society》2017,46(3-4):324-345
The year 2017 marks 45 years since the first English publication of Marx’s ‘Notes on machines’ in Economy and Society. This paper critiques how Marx’s ‘Fragment’ has subsequently been repurposed in postoperaist thought, and how this wields influence on contemporary left thinking via the work of Paul Mason. Changes in labour lead proponents to posit a ‘crisis of measurability’ and an incipient communism. I use the ‘New Reading of Marx’, which picks up where debates in Economy and Society in the 1970s left off, to dispute this. Based on an analysis of value as a social form undergirded in antagonistic social relations, I argue that the Fragment’s reception runs contrary to Marx’s critique of political economy as a critical theory of society, with implications for left praxis today. 相似文献
404.
Urban Pressures and Innovations: Sustainability Commitment in the Face of Fragmentation and Inequality 下载免费PDF全文
Local government innovations occur within environments characterized by high service‐need complexity and risk. The question of how broader environmental conditions influence governmental willingness or ability to innovate has been a long‐standing concern within organizational, management, and policy scholarship. Although wealth and education are robust predictors of the propensity to engage in a wide range of local sustainability activities, the linkages among governmental fragmentation, social inequality, and sustainability policies are not well understood. This study focuses on the conditions both within and across city boundaries in urban regions which inhibit adoption of sustainable development innovations. We utilize a Bayesian item response theory approach to create a new scale measuring sustainability commitment by local governments in the United States. The analysis finds service‐need complexity and capacity within local governments' organizational task environments have nonlinear influences on innovation in terms of both green building and social inclusion policy tools. 相似文献
405.
Social Entrepreneurship,Entrepreneurship, Collectivism,and Everything in Between: Prototypes and Continuous Dimensions 下载免费PDF全文
Aaron Schneider 《Public administration review》2017,77(3):421-431
This article uses prototypes and continuous dimensions to place social entrepreneurship in relation to other organizational forms. This approach is more fruitful than classical attempts to stipulate essential characteristics and establish boundaries. A prototype and continuous dimension approach allows consideration of the way social entrepreneurship functions similarly to and differently from related concepts, such as traditional entrepreneurship, public social services, and collectivism. These categories can be distinguished according to the degree to which control over the way value is created, allocated, and distributed occurs socially or entrepreneurially. This approach offers the additional advantage of making the concept more precise, as subdimensions clarify the relationship to practices such as volunteerism and theories such as antidevelopment. By mapping the network of organizational forms in which social entrepreneurship can be located, we can focus on the viability and advisability of different ways of solving social problems. 相似文献
406.
Cady Berkel Velma McBride Murry Tera R. Hurt Yi-fu Chen Gene H. Brody Ronald L. Simons Carolyn Cutrona Frederick X. Gibbons 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(2):175-188
Prior research demonstrates negative consequences of racism, however, little is known about community, parenting, and intrapersonal
mechanisms that protect youth. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study illuminated linkages between positive and negative
contextual influences on rural African American adolescent outcomes. Quantitative results provide support for Structural Ecosystems
Theory, in that the influence of discrimination and collective socialization on adolescent outcomes was mediated by racial
socialization and positive parenting. Parenting and community influences contributed to adolescent racial identity and self
image, which protected against common negative responses to racism; including academic underachievement, succumbing to peer
pressure, and aggressive tendencies. Qualitative results indicate that current measures of discrimination may underestimate
adolescents’ experiences. Adolescents reported racist experiences in the domains of school, peers, and with the police (males
only). Moreover, qualitative findings echoed and expanded quantitative results with respect to the importance of the protective
nature of parents and communities.
相似文献
Cady BerkelEmail: |
407.
Natasha Lekes Isabelle Gingras Frederick L. Philippe Richard Koestner Jianqun Fang 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(8):858-869
Self-determination theory proposes that prioritizing intrinsic life goals, such as community involvement, is related to well-being,
whereas focusing on extrinsic life goals, such as financial success, is associated with lower well-being and that parenting
influences the type of life goals that youth adopt. In a sample of 515 Chinese (56% female, mean age = 15.50) and 567 North
American (52% male, mean age = 14.17) adolescents, a model of the relationships between parenting, life goals, and well-being
was investigated and confirmed for intrinsic life goals. Across societies, autonomy-supportive parenting was associated with
the endorsement of intrinsic life goals, which in turn was associated with well-being. Intrinsic life goals partially mediated
the relationship between parental autonomy-support and well-being. These findings suggest that, cross-culturally, prioritizing
intrinsic life goals is related to increased well-being among adolescents and that parents could encourage intrinsic life
goals by being supportive of their children’s autonomy. 相似文献
408.
Frederick Harry Pitts 《The Political quarterly》2020,91(2):364-372
There has been a proliferating literature on postcapitalist and post-work futures in recent years, underpinned by policy proposals like the basic income and a reduction in working hours. It has gained increasing uptake within left electoral politics and policy making. The generational potency of these ideas require that we understand their theoretical roots. This article considers the interplay between the work of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri and the new postcapitalism exemplified by the likes of Paul Mason and Aaron Bastani, as well as its relationship with intellectual currents around Corbynism and the wider contemporary left. Through a discussion of their latest book, Assembly, it will be seen that Hardt and Negri both inform, and are increasingly informed by, the postcapitalist and post-work thinking popular on the left today—in particular at its ‘posthumanist’ fringes. However, this recent work is characterised by a series of tactical redirections that, rather than indicating renewal, reflect the potential collapse of this utopian framework for the future in the face of a rapidly unravelling global political context. Whilst the determinist understanding of social transformation cannot permit these setbacks, this shines a light on more general shifts in left strategy and analysis. 相似文献
409.
Aaron Safer-Lichtenstein 《冲突和恐怖主义研究》2019,42(4):407-428
Criminologists and terrorism specialists alike have conducted research on the deterrent effect of policies; however, to date, only criminologists have thoroughly examined the associated displacement of crime and diffusion of benefits. Using data from the Eco-Incidents Database, this study first examines the deterrent effect of government efforts targeting animal rights and environmental terrorism over several years. Next, it extends this application by examining nonterrorist actions by both terrorist groups and nonterrorist groups to see if deterrent actions have any unintended consequences. Results show no evidence of displacement, but rather that several government actions evidenced a diffusion of benefits. 相似文献
410.