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421.
Frederick W. Turner II 《Police Practice and Research》2019,20(2):122-138
Despite the dramatic rise in use of militarized weapons, equipment, and tactics by police departments across the nation, no study has examined the opinions of those responsible for designing, funding, and implementing police militarization in the United States. Therefore this study collected and analyzed opinion data from 465 key stakeholders from the 114th Congress U.S. House of Representatives, law enforcement executives, and local police officers regarding police militarization. Results suggest that while most practitioners and policymakers favor police militarization, Congress and law enforcement differ in support of critical issues such as oversight of military procurement programs, use of surplus military weapons and vehicles, and overall support for the militarization of policing in the United States. 相似文献
422.
ABSTRACT This article probes the return of the Muslim Brotherhood to prominence in 1970s Egypt through a systematic analysis of advertisements in the organization’s flagship periodical, al-Da?wa (The Call). In every issue of the magazine, which was published between June 1976 and October 1981, entreaties to proper conduct and appeals to Islamic solidarity appeared alongside advertisements for everything from Pepsi to breakfast biscuits to automobiles. We utilize the methodological insights of social and cultural historians to the value of advertisements to cast new light on the reconstruction of the Brotherhood, its relationship with the diverse institutions comprising the Egyptian state, and on how the Muslim Brotherhood’s vision of piety both reflected and challenged a changing economic reality. Moving beyond a story of the Brotherhood’s return as a product of independent Islamist enterprise that had emerged due to both the Gulf oil boom and Egypt’s economic liberalization programme, significant public sector advertising in al-Da?wa, especially prominent across the most valuable advertising real estate, underscores both internal divisions within the Egyptian state as well as the tangible ways that various state institutions were patrons of religious change. 相似文献
423.
The outcomes of political transitions during the late 1980s and early 1990s varied considerably across sub-Saharan African
countries. In their well-received book, Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle (1997a) concluded that the differences in
sub-Saharan Africa's incumbent neo-patrimonial regimes shaped contingent factors such as political protests and military interventions
that were important to transition outcomes, but did not themselves directly influence the success of transitions. Shortcomings
in their statistical analysis, however, cast doubt on this conclusion. This article presents an ordered logit analysis of
Bratton and van de Walle’s rich data set that corrects these flaws. It concludes that institutions did more than merely shape
contingent events; they had powerful and independent direct effects on the outcomes of political transitions in the countries
of sub-Saharan Africa.
Frederick Solt is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. With
the support of a Fulbright-García Robles grant, he is currently conducting dissertation fieldwork on subnational democratization
in Mexico.
I would like to thank Guang Guo and Evelyne Huber, as well as theSCID editors and anonymous external reviewers, for their helpful suggestions on earlier versions of this work. 相似文献
424.
Frederick Turner 《Society》2008,45(2):143-145
In response to Eugene Goodheart’s essay “Neo-Darwinism and Religion”, this essay criticizes both sides of the debate for their
posing of false dichotomies. Atheist neodarwinists are illogical in arguing that the necessary chance emergence of physical
constants that could produce a universe with intelligent life disproves the existence of God, since the same chance emergence
would also necessarily produce a universe corresponding to traditional definitions of God. Religious anti-evolutionists are
wrong in rejecting evolutionary accounts of the emergence of human religious instincts, since that emergence is a strong argument
for the reality of what those instincts seem designed to register. Finally, Goodheart, as a humanities scholar, is somewhat
blind to the distinguished history of writers, artists and scholars who found the highest spiritual inspiration in natural
science.
相似文献
Frederick TurnerEmail: |
425.
Context matters: A Bayesian analysis of how organizational environments shape the strategic management of sustainable development
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Public administration scholars have argued the need for a ‘general theory’ linking strategic management to the context in which public organizations operate. Understanding the interplay between organizational contexts and strategic management responses to urban sprawl and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains an underexplored avenue for empirical advancement of this goal. Using 2015 survey data, we employ a novel Bayesian item response theory (IRT) approach to test how land use policy comprehensiveness, organizational capacities, leadership turnover, and environmental complexities affect the strategic management of smart growth policy in local governments. We find that public organizations harness political, administrative, and community capacities in varied combinations to better achieve their policy objectives, but these influences may not be complementary. Also, policy comprehensiveness generally relates to more strategic activity, while municipal executive turnover offers opportunities and threats to some smart growth strategies. Implications of this research are discussed. 相似文献
426.
James ben‐Aaron Matthew Denny Bruce Desmarais Hanna Wallach 《Public administration review》2017,77(1):68-77
Sunshine laws establishing government transparency are ubiquitous in the United States; however, the intended degree of openness is often unclear or unrealized. Although researchers have identified characteristics of government organizations or officials that affect the fulfillment of public records requests, they have not considered the influence that government organizations have on one another. This picture of independently acting organizations does not accord with the literature on diffusion in public policy and administration. This article presents a field experiment testing whether a county government's fulfillment of a public records request is influenced by the knowledge that its peers have already complied. The authors propose that knowledge of peer compliance should induce competitive pressures to comply and resolve legal ambiguity in favor of compliance. Findings indicate peer conformity affects both in the time to initial response and in the rate of complete request fulfillment. 相似文献
427.
428.
This paper offers graphic illustration of so-called “valence” models of candidates responding to their perceptions of voter location in a two-party system. Models by Groseclose and others show how the combination of candidate uncertainty about the median voter location, nonzero candidate valence, and policy motivated candidates leads to departures from the median voter prediction. With one policy dimension, either there exists an equilibrium where the candidates do not converge to the median (or any other common position) or there exists no equilibrium. We offer illustrations based on plausible conditions. Under some conditions we show an equilibrium where candidates locate at separate policy positions. Under others, we illustrate the absence of equilibrium. 相似文献
429.
Henry J. Aaron 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2010,29(4):883-891
The long‐term budget prospects of the United States are grim. Projected spending greatly exceeds projected revenue over the next few decades. Projected growth of health care spending accounts for more than all of the anticipated gap. Without action to narrow the gap, accumulating deficits will drive up the ratio of debt to GDP. Interest payments will rise correspondingly. At some point, domestic and foreign holders of U.S. debt will come to doubt the capacity of the government to service this debt. At that point, they will demand sharply higher interest rates. The combination of increasing debt and rising interest rates will cause debt service costs to explode. What follows would be some combination of collapsing investment, declining production, debt default, and inflation—in brief, a calamitous mess. That such a mess will occur is certain if budget deficits as large as those currently anticipated are realized. Precisely when is impossible to forecast accurately. 相似文献
430.
Leilani Greening Laura Stoppelbein Aaron Luebbe 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(4):357-369
Given that parenting practices have been linked to suicidal behavior in adolescence, examining the moderating effect of parenting
styles on suicidal behavior early in development could offer potential insight into possible buffers as well as directions
for suicide prevention and intervention later in adolescence. Hence, the moderating effects of parenting styles, including
authoritarian, permissive, and features of authoritative parenting, on depressed and aggressive children’s suicidal behavior,
including ideation and attempts, were evaluated with young children (N = 172; 72% male, 28% female) ranging from 6 to 12 years of age. African American (69%) and Caucasian (31%) children admitted
for acute psychiatric inpatient care completed standardized measures of suicidal behavior, depressive symptoms, and proactive
and reaction aggression. Their parents also completed standardized measures of parental distress and parenting style. Hierarchical
regression analyses revealed that, while statistically controlling for age and gender, children who endorsed more depressive
symptoms or reactive aggression reported more current and past suicidal behavior than children who endorsed fewer depressive
or aggressive symptoms. The significant positive relationship observed between depressive symptoms and childhood suicidal
behavior, however, was attenuated by parental use of authoritarian parenting practices for African-American and older children
but not for younger and Caucasian children. The ethnic/racial difference observed for the buffering effect of authoritarian
parenting practices offers potential theoretical and clinical implications for conceptualizing the moderating effects of parenting
styles on African-American and Caucasian children’s suicidal behavior. 相似文献