Tetrahydrocannabinols in hair of hashish smokers

The study investigates the presence of tetrahydrocannabinols in the head hair and the pubic and axillary hair. The hair samples were obtained from hashish smokers. The concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay and reflect total tetrahydrocannabinols and metabolites. The values found ranged from 0.4 ng/mg hair up to 3.8 ng/mg hair. The presence of the drug in the hair samples was also demonstrated by GC/MS.     

公共事务复合治理的载体、实践及其走势分析——以杭州运河综保工程为例

以跨部门的复合治理方式取代碎片化的单一治理方式已成为公共事务治道变革的主要趋向。社会复合主体作为杭州首创的公共事务新型治理载体,因其良好的治理绩效而受到国内学界的较大关注。本文基于复合治理理论诠释了社会复合主体的生成及其意义,对杭州运河综保工程的复合治理实践进行个案剖析,并在反思个案运行困境的基础上,对社会复合主体发展的主客观条件及其走势作了讨论和展望。     

突发事件中公共产品的需求与供给

应急管理是突发事件中各参与主体在政府主导下实现公共产品有效供给的过程。突发事件打破了系统内部资源与外部环境之间的平衡,改变了系统的价值分配模式,使公共产品呈现"高需求、低供给"的非常状态,这决定了突发事件中公共产品具有时间属性、空间属性、层次属性和权利属性。突发事件改变了人们的需求层次,不同的需求层次要求不同形态的公共产品供给。在突发事件的各个阶段,需要不同形态的公共产品;但具体到某一特定阶段,某种形态的公共产品需求会占主导。由于突发事件中公共产品需求的多变性和形态的多样性,公共产品供给必须以政府为主导,社会组织、企业和公民等有效参与、协调合作,以建立公共产品的多元供给模式。     

Mara Salvatrucha: The Most Dangerous Street Gang in the Americas?

Mara Salvatrucha (MS‐13), founded in 1980s Los Angeles by Salvadoran immigrant youth, is today one of the largest street gangs in North and Central America. In recent years the group has acquired a reputation for extreme brutality and has ostensibly mutated into a fast‐expanding, transnational organized crime network with possible ties to international terrorists. Drawing on key concepts in gang research and multiple methodological tools, this article seeks to sharpen understanding of MS‐13's structure and activities. While the group is active in many countries, it is transnational only in a symbolic manner, not in its configuration or span of authority. Impelled largely by Central American gang‐suppression policies, MS‐13 has evolved from a traditional street gang into a group with organized crime characteristics, but it remains a social phenomenon rooted in urban marginality. Ultimately, a more nuanced picture of Mara Salvatrucha can inform the search for more effective gang policies.     

东南亚国家的经济外交与地区安全秩序的重塑

冷战结束后,塑造东亚地区安全秩序的力量来源主要有两个:一是雅尔塔体系的遗产,二是东南亚国家的经济外交。一方面,中国与俄罗斯通过上海合作组织构建了在安全等领域的合作,而美国在美日同盟的基础上强化了其在东亚的单边及多边同盟体系。因此,雅尔塔体系遗产的组织化程度较以往明显提高。另一方面,东南亚诸国通过在东盟"10+"合作框架、亚太经合组织以及亚欧会议等平台实施经济外交,比较成功地把主要大国及区域集团力量牵绊在东亚地区,并藉此影响了冷战后东亚地区的政治、安全秩序。