Violence prevention in psychiatry: an umbrella review of interventions in general and forensic psychiatry

Relative risks of violence in psychiatric patients are high compared to the general population and existing evidence in non-psychiatric populations may not translate to reductions in violence in psychiatric populations. We searched 10 databases including Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus, from inception until August 2015 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of violence prevention interventions in psychiatry. Reviews were included if they used a hard outcome measure (i.e. police or hospital recorded violence, or reincarceration) and contained randomized or non-randomized controlled studies. Five reviews met our inclusion criteria (n = 8876 patients in total), of which four received a GRADE rating of ‘low’ or ‘very low’. Three randomized studies (n = 636) reported that therapeutic community interventions may reduce reincarceration in drug-using offenders with co-occurring mental illness (‘moderate’ GRADE rating). The lack of intervention research in violence prevention in general and forensic psychiatry suggests that interventions from non-psychiatric populations may need to be relied upon.     

Household furniture tip-over deaths of young children

The potential for the injury or death of a child resulting from the tip-over of a piece of household furniture or a domestic appliance has not been previously well recognized. We reviewed nine accidental deaths of young children that resulted from avoidable residential hazards and/or lapses in supervision of the children by their caregivers. The offending household items included televisions, bedroom dressers, a kitchen stove, and a lounge chair. The causes of death were mechanical asphyxia, blunt trauma, and combined blunt head trauma and asphyxia. All of the deaths could have been prevented by appropriate anchoring of the piece of furniture and/or closer supervision of the child. A thorough multidisciplinary investigation is essential in establishing the cause and manner of death in such cases and in identifying risk factors that may aid in the prevention of future childhood deaths.     

合同的绝对无效和相对无效——一种技术化的合同效力评价规则解说

有效、可撤销、效力待定及无效制度仅仅是合同法上的合同效力评价规则,不妨碍其他民事规则、行政法规则、甚至刑法规则同时适用。合同无效有时可以更好地惩戒不法当事人,但有时却使得不法当事人逃离合同约束,从其非法行为中获利,甚至还会损害合同善意相对人以及和合同相关的善意第三人的利益。合同相对无效和绝对无效的区分,能有效保护善意相对人和善意第三人,有力地回应现代商事交易安全的需要。     

全球化背景下中国公共行政本土研究:动力、内涵与进路

中国公共行政学者对于公共行政身份危机的反思为公共行政本土研究提供了契机。在本土研究过程中,对推动本土研究的动力、本土化内涵及其进路的分析是进一步开展本土研究的前提。文章试图在全球化背景下审视中国公共行政的本土研究。从中国改革开放的历史背景入手探讨和分析推动中国公共行政本土研究的动力;从全球化与本土化关系角度分析了公共行政本土化的内涵;最后从学者的学术自觉、本体论、知识论和方法论角度分析了进行本土化研究的进路。     

我国收入分配影响因素、问题与对策分析

收入分配公正是社会公平正义的基石,是政府核心责任之一。论文采用2006年CGSS数据,考察目前影响我国收入分配的主要因素,剖析收入分配中存在的问题及成因,并提出建设公正分配体制的建议和对策。     

民生改善问题及规制路径初探

民生改善是民生系统发展和更新的动力机制。当前我国民生改善存在很多问题,包括改善的创新性与改善效果难题、改善依据的政策属性与改善行为的合法性和正当性难题、监督和救济途径的非法治化与改善行为矫正难题等。针对上述问题,只有对民生改善涉及到的各种问题进行利益衡量,才能客观评价改善效果;只有综合运用政治和法律途径,才能保障改善行为的正当性和合法性;只有拓展监督和救济方式,才能有效矫正改善行为。     

The flip side of power

Public Choice - In random voting, the committee chair, whose vote decides in the case of a draw, is more often decisive than ordinary voters. Therefore, in the power indices literature, the...     

Paths to destruction: the lives and crimes of two serial killers

Although research into the phenomenon of serial murder has revealed that serial killers frequently do not fit the initially described paradigm in terms of their physical and psychological profiles, backgrounds, and motives to kill, the media continues to sensationalize the figures of such killers and the investigators who attempt to analyze them on the basis of aspects of their crimes. Although the so-called "typical" profile of the serial murderer has proven accurate in some instances, in many other cases the demographics and behaviors of these killers have deviated widely from the generalized assumptions. This report details two unusual cases in which five and eight murders were committed in upstate New York. The lives and crimes of these offenders illustrate the wide spectrum of variations in the backgrounds, demographics, motivations, and actions witnessed among serial murderers, and highlight the limitations and dangers of profiling based on generalities.     

遏制刑讯逼供的原理与机制研究

为推介中国人民大学法学院博士培养成果,搭建论文品评乃至学术评价之平台,《法学家》专辟博文精萃一栏。该栏目由两部分组成:其一是论文要旨,由博文作者对其博士论文进行全面系统而重点突出的介绍,一般宜包括如下要素:论文的体系架构;论文每章节的主要内容;论文的主要特点;论文的主要创新和不足;论文所研究领域的课题展望。其二是论文评议,可以是答辩委员会的论文审查意见,或者评审专家的点评,具体宜包括如下要素:对论文的总体评价;对论文的体系及各章节的评价;对论文创新的评价;指出论文的不足以及进一步完善的方向。敬请关注并提出宝贵建议。