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101.
Byard RW Cains GE Gilbert JD 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2007,28(1):31-34
Commonly available items including a ball point pen, a plastic knife, a broken wine bottle, and a broken wine glass were used to inflict stab and incised wounds to the necks of 3 previously euthanized Large White pigs. With relative ease, these items could be inserted into the necks of the pigs next to the jugular veins and carotid arteries. Despite precautions against the carrying of metal objects such as knives and nail files on board domestic and international flights, objects are still available within aircraft cabins that could be used to inflict serious and potentially life-threatening injuries. If airport and aircraft security measures are to be consistently applied, then consideration should be given to removing items such as glass bottles and glass drinking vessels. However, given the results of a relatively uncomplicated modification of a plastic knife, it may not be possible to remove all dangerous objects from aircraft. Security systems may therefore need to focus on measures such as increased surveillance of passenger behavior, rather than on attempting to eliminate every object that may serve as a potential weapon. 相似文献
102.
Byard RW Gilbert JD Tsokos M 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2007,28(3):255-258
The evaluation of injuries due to self-mutilation may be complicated by atypical lesions and fabricated histories of the causative events. Four cases are described where one of the most striking findings was the presence of "mirror-image" injuries and/or a "chessboard" pattern of intersecting parallel lines from self-inflicted incised wounds. Case 1: A 32-year-old man was dead in his burnt-out car, with symmetrical, "mirror-image", circular burns from the car cigarette lighter over his forehead, cheeks, ears, upper and lower arms, the dorsal and palmar aspects of the hands, the anterior chest wall including the nipples, the anterior abdomen, thighs, lower legs, and the back of his neck. The deceased had a history of psychotic depression and had died of burns and inhalation of products of combustion. Case 2: A 19-year-old woman who fabricated a history of assault demonstrated multiple, superficial, "mirror-image" injuries of her thighs and forearms. Case 3: A 32-year-old man who exsanguinated from cut wrists showed multiple, superficial, and "mirror-image" incised wounds of the wrists, with a "chessboard" pattern. Case 4: A 26-year-old man died after jumping from a building. He had multiple superficial, "mirror-image" incised wounds of his anterior chest and thighs, with a typical "chessboard" pattern. Given the difficulties that sometimes arise in determining whether injuries have been self-inflicted or not, the finding of symmetrical "mirror-image" injuries, and/or a "chessboard" pattern formed by 2 groups of regular, parallel, superficial incised wounds running at right angles to each other provides compelling evidence of self-mutilation, unless a plausible alternative explanation is available. 相似文献
103.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the rapid analyte measurement platform (RAMP) for presumptive identification of Bacillus anthracis spores. Test samples consisted of serial dilutions of spore preparations of several Bacillus species, including B. anthracis, which were tested, using the RAMP Anthrax test cartridge, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The fluorescence labelled antibody-antigen complexes were detected in the portable reader after 15 min following sample addition. Dilutions of common environmental and household powders were also tested to identify possible false positive results. B. anthracis spores were identified reliably in test samples containing more than 6000 spores. The test kits were highly specific, showing no cross reactivity with other Bacillus species or any environmental powders tested. The RAMP system for detection of B. anthracis spores, from environmental samples, showed consistent results under a variety of analytical conditions, enabling the trained user to provide a rapid, accurate preliminary risk assessment of a suspected bioterrorism incident. 相似文献
104.
Comparative studies of crime have persistently challenged and daunted criminology scholars. For criminologists studying Japan,
interest has traditionally been focused on the country’s much-heralded low crime rate. The current study examines white-collar
lawbreaking in both the United States and Japan, focusing on similarities and differences in culture, law, criminal justice
system response, corporate governance, and regulation. The study concludes that if Japan’s low crime rate is an enigma to
criminologists, then its ample amounts of white-collar and corporate crime appear that much more puzzling. Given that the
depth of the problem of white-collar crime goes far beyond adjudicated cases, Japan’s remarkably low rate of common crime
is likely eclipsed by its rate of white-collar and corporate crime. The study concludes that the different legal and cultural
contexts of the “law in inaction” go far in explaining the official nonrecognition of white-collar and corporate crime in
both the United States and Japan.
相似文献
Henry N. PontellEmail: |
105.
Jonna Berry Ph.D. Ashley Gilbert B.S. Justin Grodnitzky Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(6):1943-1949
Kava is an Oceanic plant in which the root is consumed as a beverage and is becoming increasingly popular. The effects of kava consumption may include sedation, euphoria, and impairment of motor coordination. This article demonstrates kava impairment through four cases of self‐reported kava use supported with Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) evaluations of each subject. Subject's urines screened negative for common drugs of abuse by immunoassay analysis. Urine from cases 3 and 4 were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, which yielded the presence of kavalactones. Subjects exhibited poor driving behavior and signs of intoxication. Indicators of impairment from multiple drug categories, central nervous system (CNS) depressants, CNS stimulants, and cannabis were observed, which may be consistent with the presence of multiple kavalactones and their diverse array of mechanisms of action. The consumption of kava can hinder one's ability to operate a vehicle safely. 相似文献
106.
Recent research in investment theory emphasizes the importance of sunk investment costs, uncertainty in returns, and flexibility in investment timing. Allowing for the presence of these characteristics alters traditional discounted cash flow rules for when to invest. Those rules will recommend investing at lower rate-of-retum thresholds than is optimal. This article describes this research and suggests the range of potential situations to which the theory applies. It also discusses the implications for policy analysis and suggests that government programs to encourage investment may, in some cases, be inappropriate. After discussing a wide array of possible applications, we focus on one in particular: programs to encourage energy-efficient investment. The examples suggest the importance of applying the new investment theory for economic analysis of investment in energy-efficient technologies. 相似文献
107.
108.
Gilbert Geis 《Crime, Law and Social Change》1997,28(3-4):311-323
Increased levels of street and organized crime activity have accompanied the transition from totalitarian rule to a freer
political climate both in the Soviet Union and in its former east European satellites. A conference in the Czech Republic
involving officials from the host country and visiting practitioners and academics largely from the United States considered
methods for dealing with burgeoning crime issues. The article summarizes the tone and content of the discussions as well as
the substantive issues addressed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
109.
110.
Many criminologists have found that corporate crime does more harm than street crime, whether measured by property lost, money
stolen, or lives taken. Yet, public concern about crime is almost exclusively focused on street crime and “just deserts” for
the offender. The authors argue that corporate criminality is more likely than individual criminality to be planned and subjected
to cost/benefit analysis than street crime and therefore more likely to be deterred by raising the costs of corporate criminality.
The Model Penal Code is used to demonstrate that both individual and corporate crime produce a comparable array of avoidable
harms. Public policies that demand just deserts for individual offenders (natural persons) are revealed as highly inconsistent
with policies that protect corporations (juristic persons) from accountability for the harms they create. A philosophical
and legal foundation for corporate crime control strategies is provided. The authors propose a sanctions regime for corporate
criminals comparable to the sanctions regime imposed on natural persons for street crimes. Strategies to avoid risk shifting
by corporations are suggested.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献