代表社会亦或调节社会？——中国地方公共领域研究述评

乡村公共空间的重构是当下我国乡村振兴的重要组成部分。由此，回顾近四十年海内外的中国地方公共领域研究不无裨益。早期研究采取自由型公共领域理论，认为地方公共领域产生于同国家相对的社会之内，强调其代表社会的功能。晚近研究采取中介型公共领域理论，认为地方公共领域存在于同国家相对的社会之外，强调其调节社会的功能。它们总体上都在国家与社会关系的宏观与中观层面上运用哈贝马斯的公共领域理论。作为一种拓展研究，也许可以关注被忽略的公共领域交往模式，从微观上探讨地方公共领域的联结社会功能。这可能为当下乡村公共空间作用研究提供某种参考。     

General-Purpose Local Government Defaults: Type,Trend, and Impact

Local governments default on bonds when they fail to comply with the monetary and nonmonetary aspects of the debt contracts. Analyses of defaults have relied on reports from credit rating agencies, which include only rated bonds undergoing monetary defaults. Using a unique and comprehensive dataset of defaults, we examine all general-purpose government defaults from 2009 to 2015 and find defaults to be more common than previously reported. We present a typology of defaults and characteristics of defaulted bonds. Most defaults occur among nongeneral obligation bonds and did not affect the yield of future, unrelated credits of the same issuer, providing support to the credit segmentation hypothesis.     

试析中小企业融资难问题

改革开放以来,我国的中小企业异军突起,已成为支撑我国经济快速增长的重要力量。然而,在中小企业发展的过程中却遭遇了几大难题,其中融资难成了阻碍中小企业发展的"瓶颈"。本文在探讨我国中小企业融资难的现状以及原因的基础上,提出了解决问题的相关建议,旨在促进我国中小企业健康、快速的发展。     

Reinforcing historic distinctions between mental and physical injury: the impact of the civil liability reforms

Mental injury has been differentiated from physical injury since its entry into Australian tort law, with mental injury consistently subject to the most onerous regime. In 2002 in its Review of the Law of Negligence, the Ipp Panel supported the historic distinction between physical and mental injury and recommended further (restrictive) changes to the common law rules in relation to mental injury. This article considers and evaluates the reforms which were introduced into six Australian jurisdictions in relation to mental injury in the tort of negligence in response to the Ipp Panel's recommendations arguing that the rationale for differentiating pure mental injury from physical injury and consequential mental injury is nebulous. It argues that the reforms operate to reinforce and magnify historic distinctions between physical and mental harm despite increasing recognition in the medical literature of the interrelationship between physical and psychiatric injury; despite the recognition of the professional ability of psychiatrists and psychologists to accurately pinpoint and diagnose mental injury; despite extensive documentation of the far-reaching and devastating impact that psychiatric injury has on victims, families and the community; and despite evidence that early and adequate treatment of mental injury can prevent a raft of damaging and costly personal and societal consequences.     

监视居住制度评析——以2011年《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》为视角

2011年《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》(以下简称《修正案草案》)充分注意到了现行监视居住制度在实施过程中所暴露出的问题,并对监视居住制度进行了一系列的改造。《修正案草案》的立法初衷是将监视居住确立为一种减少羁押的替代性措施,但具体的条文设计却使监视居住制度产生了内部的分裂。在嫌疑人、被告人自己住所执行的监视居住可以被认为是一种非羁押性的强制措施,但指定居所的监视居住显然已成为一种羁押性的强制措施。因此,为了防止权力的滥用和充分保障嫌疑人、被告人的人权,对指定居所的监视居住需要进行更为严格的审查与控制。具体的审查、控制方法可以参照对逮捕的审查、控制方法,同时也需要确立对其进行定期羁押必要性审查的制度。另外还需确立错误指定居所监视居住的国家赔偿制度作为最后一道"防线"。     

Gavels in the nursery: an Appellate Court shuts out parents and physicians from care decisions

This article explores a recent Wisconsin Court of Appeals decision in a medical malpractice case and its ramifications regarding Wisconsin's informed consent statute. The authors compare and contrast this decision with previous Wisconsin Supreme Court cases and consider the relevance of applicable federal law. The article presents a thoughtful analysis of how the Wisconsin Court of Appeals should have approached the issue, as well as how it created potential conflicts regarding the ethical duties of healthcare providers treating children.     

高校校院二级管理体制运行效率问题与对策研究

实行校院二级管理体制是高等教育发展的必然趋势.当前我国高校校院二级管理体制运行效率总体较高,但由于职能部门规划目标与二级学院发展定位之间的矛盾等原因的存在,导致部分高校校院二级管理体制运行效率不高.为此,要坚持权责统一、学术自主等原则,遵循健全二级学院的领导体制、强化学术自治等思路,立足高校特点,着眼目标管理,聚焦学术权力,聚力文化建设,倡导协议授权与协同治理,完善权力再平衡机制,建构大学精神的价值认同,提升高校校院二级管理体制运行效率.