Die Gestaltung und Regulation sozialer Beziehungen im Lebenslauf: Eine entwicklungspsychologische Perspektive

Der Beitrag behandelt die Mechanismen der lebenslangen Beziehungsgestaltung aus entwicklungspsychologischer Perspektive. Es werden sechs Leitsätze der lebenslangen Entwicklung sozialer Beziehungen vorgestellt. Während ihres gesamten Lebens beteiligen sich Individuen aktiv daran, die Leistungen und Strukturen ihrer sozialen Umwelt in Einklang mit ihren Bedürfnissen und Ressourcen zu gestalten. Im Allgemeinen sind dabei selbst- und fremdregulatorische Strategien der Beziehungsgestaltung zu unterscheiden, wobei angenommen wird, dass beide Strategien auf die Ausweitung der Handlungsmöglichkeiten des Individuums gerichtet sind. Eine beispielhafte Strategie der Beziehungsregulation bezieht sich auf das Zusammenspiel zweier sozialer Orientierungen des Individuums: dem Streben nach sozialer Wirksamkeit und dem Bindungsstreben. Anhand empirischer Befunde wird illustriert, wie die Ausprägungen der beiden Beziehungsorientierungen im Lebenslauf variieren und wie diese die Zusammensetzung und Leistungen persönlicher Netzwerke beeinflussen. Einflüsse der Beziehungsorientierung auf die soziale Einbindung erweisen sich dabei als abhängig von den entwicklungsbezogenen Handlungsressourcen des Individuums.     

关于什么是社会主义的再认识——为纪念改革开放30年而作

社会主义就是对人民有利。一切热爱人民、服务于人民的思想都是社会主义思想；一切维护人民利益、服务于人民福祉的实践都是社会主义实践；一切有利于提高人民利益的制度都是社会主义制度。社会主义建设大体划分为改善民生、维护民权和发展民主等三大任务和三大历史阶段。在制度建设和处理社会关系的过程中，要把权利平等作为基本准则。     

Governance of professional sports leagues—Cooperatives versus contracts

Historically, European team sports leagues were run by their respective national and international associations and were legally independent from the professional clubs playing in these leagues. Recently, European leagues have adopted an organizational form similar to their North American counterparts who are organized since their beginning in a cooperative-like manner. Based on a comparative institutional analysis, we explain the advantages of the cooperative form of league organization over contractual governance. With our four-stage game-theoretic model, we show that contractual governance of sports leagues leads to larger investment distortions than cooperative league organization.     

城市社区公共事务分类治理模式的实践与创新——以杭州为例

我国城市社区治理自上世纪90年代起经历了三个主要的探索阶段,实践成效来看,并没有从根本上实现社区行政管理与社区自治管理、社区行政管理与社区公共服务的真正分离,因而各地仍在探索合理的替代性选择。杭州通过创建社区公共事务分类治理,政府、社区和社会组织合作共治,多种机制综合运用的治理模式,走出了一条具有杭州特色的社区建设之路。杭州社区建设的实践证明,根据社区公共事务的属性差异界定主体边界是社区治理的基本前提,"三位一体"的复合模式与"多中心"的外部网络是社区治理的组织保证,行政、准市场、志愿和自治等多种治理机制的有机结合是社区治理的内在动力。     

The Analysis of Black Powder Substitutes Containing Ascorbic Acid by Ion Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry*†

Abstract: Black powder substitutes containing ascorbic acid are a group of low explosives that utilize ascorbic acid as the fuel. The analysis of these powders is complicated by the degradation of ascorbic acid which occurs rapidly in solution and may also occur as the powder ages. Aqueous extracts of both intact powders and postblast residues were analyzed by an existing ion chromatography/mass spectrometry (IC/MS) method used at the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Results have shown that while ascorbic acid itself is not detected in this method, its diagnostic degradation products (threonic acid, monohydrated diketogulonic acid, and oxalic acid) can be identified. In addition, anions from the inorganic oxidizers (perchlorate and nitrate) and combustion products such as chloride, chlorate, and nitrite, can be identified within the same experiment. While this IC/MS method shows promise, future modifications are necessary because of limitations in identifying threonate in postblast residues, as well as coeluting compounds observed in postblast residues.     

Landscapes of the Law: Injury, Remedy, and Social Change in Thailand

Sociolegal theorists since Weber have postulated that state law operates by interacting with and responding to nonstate legal orders. This article, examining conceptions of injury and compensation in Thailand, analyzes two ways of mapping law onto the landscape. The first is associated with state law and legal institutions established at the turn of the twentieth century. The state legal system imagines space from the outside in, drawing a boundary line and applying law uniformly throughout the jurisdiction it has enclosed. A second type of mapping, which has been more familiar over the centuries to ordinary Thai people, imagines space from the inside out. Nonstate legal orders are associated with sacred centers and radiate outward, diminishing in intensity and effectiveness with distance. This article, based on extensive interviews with injured persons and other actors and observers in northern Thailand, examines the interconnections between these two ways of imagining the landscape of law. It suggests that recent transformations of Thai society have rendered ineffective the norms and procedures associated with the law of sacred centers. Consequently, state law no longer interacts with or responds to nonstate law and surprisingly plays a diminished role in the lives of ordinary people who suffer injuries.     

China’s anti-graft campaign and international anti-corruption norms: Towards a “new international anti-corruption order”?

This article analyzes the growing impact of an increasingly powerful China on the evolution of norms governing the global fight against corruption. Combining insights into the diffusion of anti-corruption norms and China’s ‘two-way socialization’ into the international order with an analysis of the Chinese leadership’s internationalized anti-corruption campaign, it argues that China’s active involvement in the international fight against corruption is bound to challenge prevailing international ‘definitions’ and ‘solutions’ of corruption. Despite the considerable attention to supposed incompatibilities between ‘culturally insensitive’ Western anti-corruption efforts and conflicting Chinese cultural norms, the actual ‘China challenge’ to the international anti-corruption regime is much less a cultural than a political one. While China’s formal-legal anti-corruption system has been receptive to international socialization, China’s own contributions to international norm making are defined by the Party’s top-level leadership, which promotes a different set of anti-corruption norms. However, a coherent alternative ‘Chinese model’ of anti-corruption, akin to the globally propagated ‘China path’ for economic development and poverty reduction, is not yet in sight.     

激光拉曼光谱区分黑色圆珠笔字迹初探

针对现在广泛使用的薄层色谱分析技术带有破坏检材的缺点,提取采用激光拉曼光谱法进行无损检验,通过对收集的5个国家10种牌号样品进行初步比对分析,区分率达90%以上.