新世纪德国移民融入政策及其理念分析

长期以来,德国移民融入政策受制于联邦政府对于移民现状的否定态度,导致移民融入政策缺乏理念指导,融入现状不尽如人意。自20世纪末起,德国政府开始转变移民问题的话语,推行《移民法》框架内的融入课程和实施政治象征性措施,移民融入政策及其理念在建构中逐渐清晰,融入概念中的三种维度也形成了有机的整体。     

Violent Sex Offenses: How are They Best Measured from Official Records?

In the United States, sexually violent predator (SVP) commitment statutes generally require assessment of an offender's risk of subsequent sexual violence. Current actuarial methods for predicting sexual reoffending were actually designed to predict something else—charges or convictions for offenses deemed sexual based on information obtained from police “rapsheets” alone. This study examined the referral and past offenses of 177 sex offenders. Results showed that police rapsheets (and data based on them) underestimated the number and severity of sexually motivated violent offenses for which sex offenders were actually apprehended. Rapsheet violent offenses seemed a more accurate index of the conduct addressed by SVP legislation than were rapsheet sex offenses. We suggest that, when evaluating sex offenders for SVP status, actuarial instruments designed to predict violent recidivism (as measured by rapsheet violent reoffenses) might be preferable to those designed to predict sexual recidivism (as measured by rapsheet sexual reoffenses).

走向共赢的格局:中国环境治理与地方政府跨区域合作

多年以来跨界的环境污染得不到有效的解决,已经成为中国环境治理上一个反复发作的顽症.究其原因主要在于现行行政体制的\"分割性\".因此,地方政府间建立跨区域合作机制不仅必要,而且是可能的.各级政府之间的\"环境共治\"是中国未来环境保护体系的一个发展主轴.而观念创新与区域认同意识的强化、中央政府的主动性与支持、政府间的协调与合作组织的建立、法制的保障与境外管辖权的试行,是本文对如何就环境治理进行跨区域合作的一些建议.这种环境治理的跨区域合作是一种\"新区域合作主义\"。     

G. M. Dawson and the economic development of western Canada

Abstract. Dr G.M. Dawson was considered the leading Canadian scientist of the latter part of the nineteenth century, and was widely recognized abroad. Besides his scientific contributions, and the technological and economic benefits derived from them, he contributed much to administration as Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, as an advisor to government officials and leaders, in the training of younger men, and as Commissioner on the Bering Sea arbitration. The purpose of this paper is to perpetuate awareness of his contributions, which are not now so well known as at the turn of the century, to show the complex and often long-term benefits that can accrue from geological investigations, and to try to indicate the extent to which it is possible to analyse such benefits and their costs. Although mainly a geologist, Dawson was versatile and made many contributions to geography, botany and anthropology. His education, which was particularly thorough in geology as applied to ores, was completed just in time for him to take a leading part in western developments. In 1873-5 he was geologist and botanist to the Commission surveying the 49th parallel from Lake of the Woods to the Rockies. He was then appointed to the Geological Survey, and made brilliant reconnaissances in many western regions; he was assistant director in 1883-95 and director from then to 1901. Althoilgh his advice was greatly beneficial to prospectors and technical developers, much of his influence was also in encouraging sound investments. The author tried several complex ways of estimating the value of benefits but discarded them because so many other factors were involved, some being long-term. It seems practical, therefore, merely to explain verbally that, for very small expenditures, Dawson was probably more responsible than anyone else for production worth about 240 million, in 1885 to 1905 alone, and that other benefits were derived then and up to the present. Sommaire. Le Dr G.M. Dawson était considéré comme « le » savant canadien à la fin du 19^e siècle et il était bien connu à l'étranger. En plus de son apport dans le domaine des sciences et des avantages technologiques et économiques qui en ont été la conséquence, il joua un rôle important d'administrateur en tant que directeur du relevé géologique du Canada, conseilleur des membres du gouvernementet chefs politiques, éducateur de jeunes et commissaire chargé d'arbitrer la question du détroit de Béring. Le but de cette étude est de consigner ses réalisations, moins connues aujourd'hui qu'elles ne l'étaient au début du siècle, de montrer les résultats complexes et souvent à long terme de ses étudesg géologiques et d'essayer d'indiquer dans quelle mesure il est possible d'analyserces avantages et ce qu'ils ont coûté. Bien que Dawson ait été surtout un gélogue, il ne s'est pas cantonné exclusivement dans ce domaine et son influence s'est fait sentir en géographie, botaniqueet anthropologie. Ses études particulièrement poussées en gélogie dans le domaine des minerais prirent fin juste à temps pour lui permettre de jouer un rôle de premier plan dans le développement de l'Ouest. De 1873 à 1875, en tant que gélogue et botaniste, il fit partie de la Commission chargée de relever le 49^e parallèle du « Lake of the Woods » aux Rocheuses. Il fut ensuite nomméà la Commission du relevé gélogique et s'acquitta brillamment de cette tâche dans diverses parties de l'Ouest; il occupa le poste de directeur-adjoint de 1883 à 1895 et de directeur de 1895 à 1901. Ses conseils furent précieu pour les prospecteurs et les techniciens mais il usa aussi de son influence pour encourager des placement judicieux. L'auteur a essayé de différentes fawns complexes d'estimer la valeur de l'apport de Dawson mais a dû les abandonner parce qu'elles, ne tenaient pas compte d'autres facteurs nombreux, dont certains à long terme. Il semble doncpratique d'expliquer verbalement qu'en ne dépensant que des sommes très minimes, Dawson plus que tout autre, a été responsable d'une production évaluééà 240 millions, de 1885 à 1905 en dehors d'autres bénéfices recueillis à l'époque et jusqu'à nos jours.     

Fisheries management in Jamaica,international perspectives

Abstract

This paper examines Jamaica's efforts to implement of the conservation and management provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), bearing in mind that prior to 1982 there was an existing legal framework that sought to address issues relating to fisheries management. More specifically, the paper looks at the issues related to the conservation and management of straddling and highly migratory fish stocks under UNCLOS and subsequent agreements negotiated under the auspices of UNCLOS. It also addresses the problems Jamaica faces with the conservation and management of Queen Conch (Strombus Gigas), in particular, the UNCLOS provisions regarding access to such resource, taking into account the limitations to such access as regulated by the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).