对审判管辖中级别管辖的反思

审判管辖中的级别管辖解决的是上下级法院在受理第一审刑事案件上的权限划分。现行刑事诉讼法的级别管辖制度存在一些现实的缺陷,具体表现为管辖的标准过于抽象、客观上导致中国被告人和外国被告人诉讼地位的不平等以及法院的功能过于复杂。有许多学者和专家也提出了一些不同的修改意见,其中认为取消最高人民法院的一审管辖权是十分恰当的,对中级人民法院管辖的判处无期徒刑或者死刑的标准应当以法定刑格来确定。     

侦查终结相关问题辨析

侦查终结是公安机关办理刑事案件的最后程序,在刑事诉讼中起着承上启下的关键作用。我国的侦查终结制度在理论和设计上存在诸多缺陷和弊端,造成了司法应用的混乱。设立侦查期间、明确侦查终结条件、建立案卷材料全部移送制度及完善监督制约和救济机制,是解决目前存在问题的有效途径。     

Why football players may benefit from the ‘shadow of the transfer system’

Transfer restrictions have a long tradition in professional sports but came under heavy attack in recent years (e.g. Bosman ruling, Monti system). Based on a bargaining model with stochastic player productivity, we show that less restrictive transfer rules reallocate ex post bargaining power from players to clubs. This reallocation is efficient and in the ex ante self-interest of players. The right to charge transfer fees enables clubs to insure their players. The players, in turn, benefit by converting risky future income into riskless current income. Overall, player utility is higher under more than under less restrictive transfer rules.

The European Charter of Fundamental Rights A Changed Political Opportunity Structure and its Normative Consequences

The European Community is about to enlarge its de facto constitution by a fundamental rights charter. It is intended to become legally binding, at least in the long run. If it is, it will profoundly change the political opportunity structure between the Community and its Member States, among the Member States, among the organs of the Community and in relation to outside political actors. When assessing the new opportunities, one has to keep in mind the weak democratic legitimation of European policy making and its multi‐level character. The article sketches the foreseeable effects and draws consequences from these insights for the dogmatics of the new fundamental rights, their relation to (other) primary Community law and to other fundamental rights codes. It ends with a view to open flanks that cannot be closed by the dogmatics of the freedoms themselves, but call for an appropriate design of the institutional framework.     

创新制度 优化机制 实现警力无增长改善

近年来,公安工作形势日趋严峻,工作任务不断增多扩展,且复杂性和艰巨性也与日俱增,警力不足的矛盾则更为突出和加剧。有限的警力编制增量不能从根本上缓解警力不足的矛盾。因此,必须通过多种渠道和方法使警察机关和警察队伍在警务工作中发挥出更大效能。立足学校自身,深入分析影响学校发展升级和警力资源改善的瓶颈问题,从创新与完善学校管理体制、完善师资队伍结构和激励机制、进一步拓宽和创新进人渠道和用人方式、加快信息化校园建设等方面入手,努力实现"警力无增长改善"的目标。     

让证人不再沉默--对我国刑事诉讼中证人出庭作证制度的思考

我国刑事诉讼中证人拒证现象普遍存在,严重制约了刑事审判方式改革,妨碍了诉讼目的实现.应在借鉴国外立法及司法经验的基础上,根据我国国情,通过立法对证人的权利和义务加以明确规定,建立诸如证人法律保护、证人出庭经济补偿、证人作证豁免权、证人宣誓等一系列配套措施,完善我国刑事诉讼中的证人出庭作证制度.     

Toward a better understanding of racial and ethnic disparities in search and seizure rates

Recent studies demonstrated a consistent research finding that compared to Caucasian motorists, Black and Hispanic motorists were significantly more likely to be subjected to personal and/or vehicle searches during traffic stops, but significantly less likely to be found in possession of contraband. Explanations for these findings were typically based on speculation regarding officers' racial animus, bias, and discrimination. Unfortunately, very little is truly known about the reasons for these disparate patterns in police behavior. This article presents an alternative explanation for the reoccurring findings of racial/ethnic disparities in searches and seizures, based on research findings regarding the accuracy of clues of deception and suspicious behavior taught to officers through highway criminal interdiction training. These research findings are used to develop a hypothesis that could account for the patterns of racial/ethnic disparities in search rates. The implications for future research and policing policies based on this hypothesis are discussed.