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Although the perpetration of domestic violence by police officers has received more attention lately, little research has examined the topic. This study investigated common responses of police officers (n = 1108) to officer-perpetrated domestic violence case scenarios and the relationships between officer characteristics and such responses. Common responses included encouraging the victim to file a formal report, assisting in finding help for domestic abuse, and referring the offending officer to an employee assistance program (EAP) or counselor. Arrest was a likely response when officers were asked to imagine they witnessed a victim’s injuries and heard statements about an assault in a case scenario. Supervisors had the most victim-supportive responses, suggesting they may be very good trainers of front-line officers. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe inclusion of dynamic factors in risk assessment measures used with forensic populations has largely been considered an improvement in both the accuracy and utility of these assessments in informing treatment and sentencing. However, there are important challenges associated with the current approach to the conceptualisation, identification, and use of dynamic factors in risk assessment. Whereas some of these challenges relate to applied settings (such as the use of measures with different offender populations), there are also deeper questions regarding the construct validity of dynamic risk measures and the methodological strategies used to identify them. More emphasis on theoretically driven research is needed, to identify causal and explanatory relationships between dynamic risk factors and recidivism. We hope that highlighting these challenges can help to build a consensus on a future research agenda for dynamic risk factors. 相似文献
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Social relations, institutional arrangements and cultures bequeathed by South Africa’s system of apartheid continue be felt in the present despite the country’s formal transition to democracy 25 years ago. Race, class and gender inequities continue to structure South African society in ways that have proven intransigent to change, leading to growing frustration and widespread public dissatisfaction expressed in multiple arenas including worker strikes, service delivery and university student protests. While it is clear that social structures inherited from the past are difficult to change, it is also the case that change does happen. In this paper, we discuss the findings of a hermeneutic phenomenological study with 10 academics at one historically White university in South Africa, who have been agents of change within their particular context. We show how participants engaged in struggles to counter resistance to their efforts. In doing so they demonstrate what we call ‘strategic competence’ – the ability to act in ways that not only draw on personal resources but recognise the resources, contradictions and opportunities offered within the existing limitations of the social structure. Strategic competence thus emerges as a central feature of agency, enabling individuals to stretch the boundaries of what is possible. 相似文献
78.
Grace M. Barnes Joseph H. Hoffman John W. Welte Michael P. Farrell Barbara A. Dintcheff 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(5):697-710
Using an integration of social control theory and the routine activity perspective, adolescent time use was examined for effects
on problem behaviors. We examined a wide variety of time use categories, including homework, extracurricular activities, sports
time, alone time, paid work, housework, television watching, as well as indices of family time and peer time, for their effects
on heavy alcohol use, cigarette smoking, illicit drug use, delinquency and sexual activity. The study employed a representative
household sample of adolescents (n=606) and took into account important sociodemographic factors – gender, age, race (Black and White), and socioeconomic status.
The most important predictors of adolescent problem behaviors were family time and peer time. Family time serves as a protective
factor against all five problem behaviors while peer time is a highly significant risk factor for all five problem behaviors.
Ph.D. in Sociology from the University at Buffalo. She is a Senior Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions,
University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, The State University of New York 14203. Her research interests include family
influences on the development of adolescent substance use, gambling, and other problem behaviors
M.A. in Mathematics from the University of Rochester. He is Project Manager/Data Analyst at the Research Institute on Addictions,
University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, The State University of New York 14203. His current research interests include advanced
data analysis techniques for studies of alcohol, other substance use and gambling behaviors among youth and adults.
Ph.D. in Psychology from the University at Buffalo. He is a Senior Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions,
University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, The State University of New York 14203. His research interests include the substance
abuse/crime nexus, the epidemiology of substance abuse, and the etiology and epidemiology of pathological gambling.
Ph.D. in Sociology from Yale University. He is Professor and Chair in the Department of Sociology, University at Buffalo,
430 Park Hall, Buffalo, The State University of New York, 14260. His research interests include interpersonal relations in
adolescent, family, friendship, and work groups.
M.S. in Epidemiology from the University at Buffalo. She is a retired Research Scientist from the Research Institute on Addictions,
University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, The State University of New York 14203. Her research interests include alcohol and
other substance use among adolescents and families 相似文献
79.
Journal of Chinese Political Science - 相似文献
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Policy Sciences - This article contributes to scholarly understanding of how policy ideas and institutions interact to affect policy change by investigating why legislation mandating the use of... 相似文献