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151.
Contracting out of public services, especially ancillary services, has been a key feature of New Public Management since the 1980s. By 2014, more than £100 billion of U.K. public services were being contracted out annually to the private sector. A number of high‐profile cases have prompted a debate about the value for money that these contracts provide. Value for money comprises both the cost and the quality of the services. This article empirically tests the contestability and quality shading hypotheses of contracting out in the context of cleaning services in the English National Health Service. Additionally, a new hypothesis of coupling is presented and tested: the effect of contracting of ancillary services on patient health outcomes, using the hospital‐acquired infection rate as our measure. Using data from 2010–11 to 2013–14 for 130 National Health Service trusts, the study finds that private providers are cheaper but dirtier than their in‐house counterparts. 相似文献
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Bret L. Billet Jan Knippers Black Daniel H. Levine Maristella Botticini Allan C. Reddy Lawrence S. Graham Harvey Glickman Fred H. Lawson Thomas U. Berger Paul W. Kuznets Yuan-li Wu Marianne A. Ferber Stephen P. Mumme Dilmus D. James Alison Brysk Carrie A. Meyer Juan M. del Aguila Robert W. Anderson Walter C. Opello M. C. Hallberg Luth Tweenten Anderson Professor 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1994,29(3):84-126
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Academic freedom is the right, especially of a university professor, to free speech without fear of reprisal. Experts posit three means to academic freedom: tenure, due process and professional competence. A critical issue in current post-secondary education governance and administration that relates to each of these means is post-tenure review. Post-tenure review relates to evaluating and managing the performance of tenured professors. Performance fundamentals include accountability, competence and professional development. This article suggests a methodology for a performance-based approach to increasing the productivity of tenured professors while safeguarding academic freedom. 相似文献
160.
Estimating the Intangible Victim Costs of Violent Crime 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dolan Paul; Loomes Graham; Peasgood Tessa; Tsuchiya Aki 《British Journal of Criminology》2005,45(6):958-976