A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand: Evaluating Police Perception of UK Missing Person Definition

European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research - This study empirically analyses the definition of a ‘missing person’ for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, which is part of a wider...     

The public choice of non-resident college tuition levels

This paper uses a public choice framework to analyze the choice of tuition levels charged by public institutions to non-resident students. It finds that a state's relative strength in attracting both population and students lead to higher tuitions and that large numbers of private colleges and perhaps lack of job openings lead to higher tuition for non-residents as do small fiscal gains from high income newcomers. No support is found for the hypotheses that high enrollment growth or costs lead to relatively poor treatment of out-of-staters.     

“零容忍”：对纽约市警务政策与实践的个案研究

由威廉·布莱顿（William Bratton）开始的纽约市警务改革现在被鲁迪·朱利亚尼（Rudy Giuliani）市长称为“零容忍”zero tolerance）警务的典范，他称赞这些改革带来纽约市犯罪率的急剧下降。但是如同控告警察行为不当和滥用权力的诉讼案件数一样。市民投诉调查委员会面对市民投诉的数字却急剧上扬。把纽约市犯罪率、逮捕统计数和市民投诉与实施更加倾向于问题导向型社区警务战略的圣地亚哥市进行比较，可以强有力地证明，在实现有效的犯罪控制的同时给城市社区带来较少的负面影响是可能的。     

Developing a Capacity for Self-Preservation and Emergency Management Among Battered Families

A study of families' responses to emergency situations was conducted. Participants included 5 single mothers, and their children, who had been victims of domestic violence. During baseline, families' survival skills were assessed in role-play scenarios involving threatening intruders, fire, and medical emergencies. Subsequently, family members were instructed in ways to manage these emergencies. Components of training were individualized on the basis of each family's situation (e.g., whether they possessed working automobiles, telephones). Results indicated all participants mastered these survival skills and maintained them during follow-up observations.     

Testing eyewitness memory

This study identifies a memory-testing procedure that is relatively resistant to the documented effects of suggestibility on eyewitness memory. Most studies on suggestibility have used averbal recognition memory test in which the alternative test items are sentences, each to be verified as true or false regarding an originally viewedvisual sequence. In this study, participants were tested with either the verbal recognition memory test typical of studies demonstrating the eyewitness suggestibility effect or a visual recognition memory test. The typical eyewitness suggestibility effect resulted in the verbal test condition. However, with the visual recognition memory test, the hit rates did not significantly differ between the control and misled conditions. Thus, in testing memory for a visual event, a visual recognition memory test is more resistant to the influences of suggestibility than is a verbal test. These results suggest that the original item is preserved in memory, not overwritten by the misleading information. Accordingly, with a visual recognition memory test, the original information is more likely to be recovered with a visual recognition memory test than with a verbal one.