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Monk-Turner E Oleson J Cortez P Dean D Kracke C Harmon J Restituto P Trach G 《International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology》2006,50(5):506-519
Criminologists have largely neglected deviance among those with high IQs. This work uses Towers's (1988) concept of conventional genius to analyze how deviant behavior varies by gender among genius offenders. Like Bisi (2002), the authors expect female patterns of deviance to be lower than that for males even within this genius sample. Their work finds that male geniuses are significantly more likely to self-report ever having committed violent felonies. Among the authors' conventional genius sample of university students, gender differences in nonviolent felonies, misdemeanor offenses, and unethical behaviors are not significantly different between the female and male respondents. 相似文献
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Greg Simons 《Journal of Political Marketing》2016,15(2-3):149-170
There has been a lot of research done on “Western” politicians and political systems with regard to political marketing. But what about other countries, especially those that possess a different political standard? This article seeks to address one particular Russian politician: Vladimir Putin. He rose from obscurity to become Russia's second president (after Boris Yeltsin). Two presidential elections form the focus of attention, 2000 and 2012. The aim is to discover the consistencies and breaks in the manufacturing of Putin's political image and reputation. A number of breaks and continuities were discovered in terms of how Putin is marketed. This seems to be a reflection of the changes taking places in Russia's political environment, which then needs to be taken into consideration when political marketing is conducted. 相似文献
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At Westminster, there are increasing pressures on select committees to publish in‐house legal advice. We suggest that examining the process of deciding to publish provides useful insights into the provision, reception, and use of legal advice, and the dynamics of select committees generally. We argue that the autonomy of select committees to decide what use they make of evidence and advice they receive is, in practice, constrained by the intra‐institutional dynamics and practices of select committees. Committee actors – parliamentarians, clerks, and parliamentary lawyers – each have overlapping, sometimes competing, roles. Most of the time, these roles and the responsibilities they encompass coincide, but the prospect of publication reveals clear tensions between the different actors. This is the politics of publication: the tactical approach of politicians is in tension with the stewardship of clerks and the professional norms of parliamentary lawyers. We suggest this tension will only increase in the near future. 相似文献
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Ray Paternoster Greg Pogarsky Gregory Zimmerman 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2011,27(1):1-26
In this paper we relate a particular type of decision making, thoughtfully reflective decision making (TRDM) in adolescence,
to successful and unsuccessful life outcomes in young adulthood. Those who are thoughtfully reflective in their decision making
are more likely to consider possible alternative routes to goal attainment, weigh the costs and benefits of those alternatives,
and critically revisit the decision once made to examine what went well and what went wrong. We also argue that what mediates
the effect of TRDM on later life outcomes is the accumulation of capital. Those who use better decision making practices are
more likely to recognize the resources provided by and make the necessary investments to accumulate human, social and cultural
capital. These notions are theoretically linked to conceptions of criminal offenders as both rational planners and decision
makers and as fully human agents. Using data from the Add Health data set, our hypotheses are largely confirmed. Those who
are higher in TRDM as adolescents were more likely to have enrolled in or graduated from college, to be in better physical
health, are more involved in civic and community affairs, less likely to commit criminal acts, use illegal drugs and be involved
in heavy drinking as adults. TRDM is also positively related to the accumulation of human, social and cultural capital. Finally,
a substantial part of the effect of TRDM on young adult outcomes was mediated by capital accumulation. The implications of
these findings for future theory and research are discussed. 相似文献
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Karen L. Amendola David Weisburd Edwin E. Hamilton Greg Jones Meghan Slipka 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2011,7(4):407-442
Objectives
The objectives of this research were to test the impacts of three shift lengths (8-, 10-, and 12-hour) on performance, health, safety, quality of life, sleep, fatigue, alertness, off-duty employment, and overtime among police. 相似文献30.
This paper proposes a retributive argument against punishment, where punishment is understood as going beyond condemnation
or censure, and requiring hard treatment. The argument sets out to show that punishment cannot be justified. The argument
does not target any particular attempts to justify punishment, retributive or otherwise. Clearly, however, if it succeeds,
all such attempts fail. No argument for punishment is immune from the argument against punishment proposed here. The argument does not purport to be an argument only against retributive justifications of punishment,
and so leave open the possibility of a sound non-retributive justification of punishment. Punishment cannot be justified,
the paper argues, because it cannot be demonstrated that any punishment, no matter how minimal, is not a disproportionate
retributive response to criminal wrongdoing. If we are to hold onto proportionality—that is, proportionality as setting a
limit to morally permissible punishment—then punishment is morally impermissible. The argument is a retributive argument against
punishment insofar as a just retributive response to wrongdoing must be proportionate to the wrongdoing. The argument, that
is, is concerned with proportionality as a retributive requirement. The argument against punishment is set out on the basis
of a familiar version of the ‘anchoring problem’, according to which it is the problem of determining the most severe punishment
to anchor or ground the punishment scale. To meet the possible criticism that we have chosen a version of the anchoring problem
particularly favourable to our argument, various alternative statements of the anchoring problem are considered. Considering
such statements also provides a more rounded view of the anchoring problem. One such alternative holds that the punishment
scale must be anchored not just in the most severe punishment, but in the least severe punishment as well. Other alternatives
hold that it is necessary and sufficient to anchor the punishment scale in any two punishments, neither of which needs to
be the most or least severe punishment. A further suggestion is that one anchoring point anywhere along the punishment scale
is sufficient, because it is possible to ‘project’ from such a point, so as to determine the correlative punishments for all
other crimes, and so derive a complete punishment scale. Finally, the suggestion is considered that one can approach the issue
of a punishment scale ‘holistically’, denying any distinction between anchoring and derived (or ‘projected’) punishments. 相似文献