Code-switching as a Strategy for the Decolonisation of Learning: A Case of One University in Swaziland

Although the call for the decolonisation of learning and an African renaissance has been a common trend in research recently, less attention has been paid to code-switching as a strategy for decolonising learning at universities. This article explores code-switching as a strategy for decolonising learning at a private university in Swaziland. The article addresses two questions: 1) What are students’ experiences of code-switching during Englishmedium lectures? 2) What are the students’ perceptions of code-switching during Englishmedium lectures? Data were collected using a mixed methods, single case study among a purposive sample of 30 first-year Bachelor of Education in Mathematics students at a private university in Swaziland. The findings indicated that students code switch to solidify pedagogical content presented in English during lectures. The findings also indicated that students employ code-switching as a strategy for breaking linguistic barriers imposed by the English language. Finally, the findings indicated that students describe code-switching as an invaluable strategy for decolonising learning at university. The study contributed in a unique way to knowledge because it is the first of this kind to explore decolonisation at a Swazi university—hence it does not only add to the growing body of literature—but also pioneers scholarship on the decolonisation of learning at Swazi universities. The article concludes by suggesting a student-centred approach to learning that embraces code-switching as a strategy for decolonising learning at the university.     

Age assessment by rib phase analysis in Turks

The I?can's phase method for the estimation of adult age at death from the sternal extremity of the fourth rib was introduced in 1983. Over the years, numerous tests have confirmed the reliability of this technique on varied samples. However, no large scale study has been conducted to test the application of this method on a modern white sample geographically, genetically, and culturally diverse from the American white database. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to apply rib phase standards to a Turkish sample to test if the progression of morphological changes follow the same age sequence. Using a sample of 150 males and 144 females of known age at death, each rib was phased using the standards developed by I?can and associates in 1984 and 1985. The phase estimations were then subject to an analysis of variance. The results of the study indicated that Turkish ribs show the same morphological characteristics that define the phases at nearly identical ages. Variation as measured by the standard deviation increased from phase 5 on in both sexes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the rib phase standards can be accurately applied to Turks. Investigations of this nature are vital because one cannot assume that a method developed from one group is applicable to a distant population, especially in medicolegal proceedings.     

Mexican households and family networks in the United States: several life histories,one family history

"The authors analyze the Mexican household in the United States, emphasizing its complexity...as well as...its changes over time. The authors seek to understand the composition of relatives within exiled families, their life-cycle evolution, and the interaction of civil and migratory calendars. They also consider household changes related to the migratory process, changes in marriage and birth civil calendars, changes produced by work or marital events, and the type of migratory decisions developed within families." (EXCERPT)     

Comparison of results for quantitative determination of morphine by radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, and spectrofluorometry.

The quantitative results (accuracy and precision) for determination of opiates by radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EMIT), and spectrofluorometry on split samples are compared. A variety of physiological samples were studied, including random urine from a methadone maintenance clinic and postmortem urine, blood, bile, brain, and lung tissue from heroin-induced or heroin-related deaths. The opiate concentrations detected by the two immunoassay methods were in good agreement with each other in the absence of interfering substances which are believed to react with the antimorphine antibodies. The immunoassay results were in agreement within the relative standard deviation with the fluorometry results in 55% of the urine samples and 80% of the blood samples. The immunological methods are superior to fluorometry for quantitation of morphine in urine samples due to quenching interferences in fluorometry from urine. They were comparable to fluorometry for quantitation of morphine in blood samples.     

Review Article Note bibliographique

A Review of the Working Papers on Citizen Involvement Prepared for the Committee on Government Productivity of the Ontario Government (COGP) Citizen Involvement By the STAFF OF THE COGP, 1972. Pp. 50 A Public Communications System. By LLOYD AXWORTHY, 1971. Pp. 60 Gone Today and Here Tomorrow. By CATHERINE STARRS and GAIL STEWART, 1971. Pp. 89 Public Bureaucracy and the Possibility of Citizen Involvement in the Government of Ontario. By GEORGE S. SZABLOWSKI, 1971. Pp. 37 Participation and Liberal Democratic Government. By FREDERICK C. THAYER, 1971. Pp. 41 All are available from the Queens Printer, Government of Ontario; 1.00 each     

Socialist Market Economy and Rational Macro Controls

正Much has been written about China's socialist market economy since October 1992, when the concept was formally endorsed. Many have debated its true nature. Is it really a socialist or a market economy? Is it an unwieldy synthesis of both, or has it through time matured into a manageable system for continued national development?     

B3W: America's 'Make The World Great Again' Fantasy

正The recent Group of Seven(G7) leaders' meeting in the UK announced support for a new U.S.-led effort called Build Back Better World(B3W), a global infrastructure plan to challenge China's Belt and Road Initiative. While details remain vague and support within the G7 tepid at best, this announcement has caused a big splash in global discussions, particularly its offer "to help narrow the $40+ trillion infrastructure need in the developing world."