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971.
David F. Greenberg 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2010,26(4):437-443
972.
Jeffrey A. Daniels Terri E. Royster Gregory M. Vecchi Erin E. Pshenishny 《Journal of family violence》2010,25(6):587-594
Although not common occurrences, schools are occasionally the site of barricaded captive events. To date little research has
examined these acts of school violence. The purpose of this article is to describe 19 school barricaded captive events that
occurred between February, 1998 and September, 2007 in the United States. Data were analyzed by examination of news reports
of each incident, and include the following variables: Incident location (state, community), school level and size, time of
day of the event, location of the event within the school, age and sex of the subjects, information about the captives, presence
of school resource officers, student screening mechanisms, behavioral changes of the subjects, the subject’s expected outcomes,
injuries or fatalities, demands and deadlines, captive escapes and releases, weapons, incident resolution, tactical team response,
and negotiations. Results pertain to incident demographics, prevention/mitigation, and response. 相似文献
973.
Several factors influence the reliability of eyewitness identification evidence. Typically, recognition for same-race faces
is better than for different-race faces (the own-race bias), and alcohol intoxication decreases overall face recognition accuracy.
This research investigated how alcohol intoxication influences the own-race bias. Asian and European participants completed
tests of recognition memory for Asian and European faces when either mildly intoxicated (mean breath alcohol concentration
of .05) or when sober. Compared to their sober counterparts, intoxicated participants showed a reduced own-race bias. Specifically,
alcohol intoxication had a larger negative effect on the recognition of same-race faces compared to different-race faces.
The legal and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
974.
Gregory Tassey 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2010,35(3):283-333
The race to economic superiority is increasingly occurring on a global scale. Competitors from different countries are employing
new types of growth strategies in attempts to win that race. The United States cannot, therefore, continue to rely on outdated
economic growth strategies, which include an inability to understand the complexity of the typical industrial technology and
the synergies among tiers in high-tech supply chains. In this context, a detailed rationale is provided for maintaining a
viable domestic technology-based manufacturing capability. In the United States, the still dominant neoclassical economic
philosophy is at best ambivalent on the issue of whether a technology-based economy should attempt to remain competitive in
manufacturing or let this sector continue to offshore in response to trends in comparative advantage, as revealed through
shifts in relative prices. The paper argues that the neoclassical view is inaccurate and that a new innovation model is required
to guide economic growth policy. Specifically, the paper provides (1) a rationale for why an advanced economy such as the
United States needs a manufacturing sector; (2) examples of the process of deterioration of competitive positions for individual
industries and, more important, entire high-tech supply chains; (3) an explanation of the inadequacy of current economic models
for rationalizing needed new policy strategies; and (4) a new economic framework for determining both policy mechanisms and
targets for those mechanisms, with emphasis on the systems nature of modern technologies and the consequent requirement for
public–private innovation ecosystems to develop and deliver these technologies. Several targets are suggested for major policy
mechanisms. 相似文献
975.
976.
977.
Jenna M. F. Suppon 《Family Court Review》2010,48(1):228-245
The advance of reproductive technology, coupled with a legal system that cannot keep up, has had a detrimental effect on posthumously conceived children. There is controversy over whether a child conceived after the death of one parent, by way of reproductive technology, is considered a child of that parent for inheritance purposes. An overwhelming majority of state legislatures have not given consideration to the unique question that posthumously conceived children pose. Legislative inaction has forced state courts to apply antiquated laws in the midst of a technological revolution. The result: children are being denied inheritance rights to their deceased parent's estate solely because of the way they were conceived. This Note advocates that all children should be given the same rights and benefits regardless of how they are conceived. To accomplish that goal, this Note proposes a model state statute to be adopted in all states. The model statute deems a posthumously conceived child to be the child of his or her deceased parent, and thus entitled to inheritance rights, if 1) the posthumously conceived child was provided for by will, or 2) the deceased parent intended to be a parent; there is a genetic relationship between parent and child; the child is born within three years from the death of his or her deceased parent; and the child's best interest, balanced against the state's interests, exceeds the state's interest. The desired effect of the statute is to put posthumously conceived children on equal footing with naturally conceived children. 相似文献
978.
In this study, we randomly assigned 123 sixth and seventh grade classrooms from seven middle schools in the greater Cleveland
area to one of two five-session curricula addressing gender violence/sexual harassment (GV/SH) or to a no-treatment control
group. A baseline survey and two follow-up surveys were administered immediately after the treatment (Wave 2) and about six
months post-treatment (Wave 3). In an earlier paper, we demonstrated the effectiveness of two approaches to youth GV/SH prevention
programming (a fact-based, law and justice curriculum and an interaction-based curriculum). In this paper, we explored whether
these largely positive findings remain for both girls and boys, including whether girls experience higher levels of GV/SH
than boys. Most of our statistical models proved to be non-statistically significant. However, in 2 of our 48 victimization/perpetration
(any violence, sexual violence and non-sexual violence) models (across two post-intervention follow-up points), we observed
that the interventions reduced peer (male or female, non-dating partner) sexual violence victimization and reduced peer perpetration,
but another outcome model indicated that the interventions increased dating perpetration. These mixed findings will need to
be explored further in future research. Regarding our primary research question, we observed no statistically significant
differences for the treatment multiplied by gender interaction terms for any of the perpetration or victimization outcome
models, suggesting that the treatment had similar effects on girls and boys. However, we did observe that boys are more involved
in violence than girls: both as victims and perpetrators. Boys experienced significantly more of three types of victimization
from peers and dating partners compared to what girls experienced at the hands of their peers and dating partners. As perpetrators,
boys committed more sexual victimization against peers (immediately post-intervention only) and more sexual victimization
against dating partners than girls. The implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
979.
Stephen Knack F. Halsey Rogers Jac C. Heckelman 《The Review of International Organizations》2012,7(2):145-176
According to World Bank policy, countries remain eligible to borrow from the IBRD until they are able to sustain long-term development without further recourse to Bank financing. Graduation from IBRD is not an automatic consequence of reaching a particular income level, but rather is supposed to be based on a determination of whether the country has reached a level of institutional development and capital-market access that enables it to sustain its own development process without recourse to Bank funding. This paper takes a positive approach to IBRD graduation policy, investigating what income and non-income factors appear to have influenced graduation status in recent decades, based on panel data for 1982 through 2009. Explanatory variables include the per-capita income of the country, as well as measures of institutional development and market access that are cited as criteria by the graduation policy, and other plausible explanatory variables that capture the levels of economic development and vulnerability of the country. We find that the observed correlates of Bank graduation status are generally consistent with the stated policy. Countries that are wealthier, more creditworthy, more institutionally developed, and are less vulnerable to trade, financial, and other shocks are more likely to be graduates. Predicted probabilities generated by the model conform closely to the actual graduation and de-graduation experiences of Trinidad and Tobago and Korea, among other countries, and suggest that Hungary and Latvia may have graduated prematurely—a prediction subsequently borne out by the large loans that they later received from the IBRD in the wake of the global financial crisis. 相似文献
980.