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671.
Gregory Tassey 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2007,32(6):605-615
The R&E tax credit has never been effective and subsequent attempts to restructure it have not addressed the major deficiencies.
Moreover, in the 25 years since the R&E tax credit was enacted, a steadily increasing number of countries have implemented
or expanded competing tax incentives, which in many cases are better structured and larger in size. As a result, the relative
impact of the US credit is now negative in terms of incentives to conduct R&D within the domestic economy. The inadequacy
of the credit stems largely from its small size and its incremental format. The impact of an R&D tax incentive is affected
by its scope of coverage, the ability of industry to take advantage of it over the entire R&D cycle, the magnitude of the
incentive relative to other nations’ tax policies, and its ease of implementation. In the end, a tax incentive must sufficiently
lower the user’s cost of R&D to overcome barriers to allocation of private-sector resources commensurate with the potential
rates of return on such investments. As a policy instrument, a tax incentive for R&D should be most effective if its form
is a flat rate applied to all R&D.
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Gregory TasseyEmail: |
672.
The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) became applicable in May 2018. Due to the GDPR's extraterritorial scope, which could result in massive fines for U.S. companies, comparative data privacy law is of great current interest. In June 2018, California passed its own Consumer Privacy Act, echoing some of the provisions of the GDPR. Despite the many articles comparing the two schemes of law, little attention has been given to the foundation of these laws, that is, what exactly encompasses the data referred to by these laws? By understanding how the term “personal data” or “personal information” is defined in both jurisdictions, and why these definitions and the treatment of protected data are so different, companies can strategize to take advantage of these developments in the European Union. After explaining the differences in how data is treated in the United States and the European Union by exploring the definitions, regulations, and court cases, we will explore the five legal strategy pathways that companies might pursue with respect to the legal aspects of data transfer and privacy law compliance. While these strategies range from ignoring the law to adopting the European model worldwide, this analysis of legal strategy reveals a means for companies to gain a competitive advantage through their adoption of a worldwide compliance scheme. 相似文献
673.
Journal of Chinese Political Science - As China’s global footprint expands and Sino-American competition intensifies, it is apparent that one of the most important arenas for competition... 相似文献