用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦法调查西藏藏族群体GC亚型频率报道

作者采用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦法检测了142例西藏地区无关藏族青年男女GC亚型,发现6例变异型,其中2例1A变异;1例1c变异;3例1F1S-2变异,这种新的变异型,迄今国内外尚未见报道。GC亚型的基因频率分别为:GC*1F=0.3921、GC*1S=0.3705、GC*2=0.2266、GC*1A=0.0072、GC*1C=0.0036。个人识别机率为0.8079;非父排除率为0.3430。     

D18S872基因座在汉、维、蒙古、回族群体中的遗传多态性研究及其应用

目的　调查D18S872基因座在成都汉族 ,新疆维族和蒙古族 ,甘肃回族 4个民族中的遗传多态性 ,获得群体遗传学基本数据。　方法　等位基因分型标准物制备采用分子克隆技术 ,样本基因分型采用PCR和PAG垂直电泳技术、银染显色方法。　结果　获得D18S872基因座等位基因分型标准物及该基因座在 4个群体中的遗传学数据。　结论　结果表明D18S872基因座在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中有一定的应用价值。     

The Impact of Home‐Based Child Care Provider Unionization on the Cost,Type, and Availability of Subsidized Child Care in Illinois

In February 2005, Illinois became the first U.S. state to grant home‐based child care providers (HBCPs) the right to form a labor union in order to bargain collectively with the state government. This policy inspired similar efforts across the country and represents a potentially important direction for child care policy. To date, the implications of labor unions for the cost, type, and availability of subsidized child care have not been evaluated empirically. In this study, we examine the impact of granting Illinois HBCPs the right to form a labor union on (a) the type of child care (licensed vs. license‐exempt/home‐based vs. center‐based) used by subsidy‐receiving Illinois infants and toddlers; (b) the per‐child cost of subsidized child care for infants and toddlers; and (c) the percentage of Illinois infants and toddlers who use child care subsidies. To conduct these analyses, we combine data from the Current Population Survey with Child Care and Development Fund administrative records on U.S. infants and toddlers whose families received child care subsidies during the period from 2002 to 2008. We use both a traditional difference‐in‐differences as well as a comparative case study with a “synthetic” control group approach. The synthetic control group approach improves on traditional comparative case studies by providing a transparent, empirical approach for constructing the counterfactual, documenting comparison units’ contribution to the synthetically created control group and detailing the degree to which the synthetic control group is, or is not, similar to the treated unit on preintervention measures of the outcome as well as on other selected characteristics. We find that subsidy‐receiving Illinois infants and toddlers spent an average of between 6.4 and 7 percentage points more hours in licensed care settings, as compared to license‐exempt settings, in the three years following child care unionization. We also find that between 0.7 and 1.1 percentage points fewer Illinois infants and toddlers used child care subsidies following unionization.     

外伤性主动脉破裂死亡30例法医病理学研究

目的　探讨外伤性主动脉破裂法医病理学特点。　方法　对华西医科大学法医学院 1983 -2 0 0 3年 3月所做 3 0例外伤性主动脉破裂病理资料进行回顾性研究。　结果　外伤性主动脉破裂以男性青壮年为主 ( 66% ) ,1983 -1993年以高坠为主 ,1994-2 0 0 3年以车祸为主 ,损伤发生部位以主动脉弓部及起始部为常见 ,且绝大多伤者在 3 0min内死亡。　结论　外伤性主动脉破裂发生 ,应以预防为主。     

The Japanese legal system: Why many Americans fail

In the United States, a businessperson can operate within the familiar framework of American law, relying on a legal expert only for the relevant specifics. However, because the historical background, modern usage, and basic logical structure of the Japanese legal system differs so completely from American expected norms, this simple acquaintance with the law is insufficient in Japan. The failure of the American trans-Pacific business community to acquaint itself adequately with the unique Japanese legal system has contributed to America’s inability to penetrate Japanese markets, the default of many business ventures, and ultimately to the decline of America’s economic status relative to Japan.     

Losers: Recovering Lost Property in Japan and the United States

This article examines the lost property regime of Japan, which has one of the most impressive reputations in the world for returning lost property to its rightful owner, and compares it with that of the United States. Folk legend attributes Japanese lost-and-found success to honesty and other-regarding preferences. In this article, I focus on another possible explanation: legal institutions that efficiently and predictably allocate and enforce possessory rights. These recognized, centuries-old rules mesh with norms, institutional structures, and economic incentives to reinforce mutually the message that each sends and yields more lost-property recovery than altruism alone.