Tradition,UMNO and political succession in Malaysia

ABSTRACT Leaders of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysia's ruling party, invented 'Malay tradition' for the purpose of maintaining control not only over the domestic political process, but also in their own ranks. Yet, this did not deter challenges to the leadership which were also legitimised on the basis of tradition. In this regard, the rhetoric of tradition also functioned as a barometer assessing the stakes and the levels of support for the contestants. When the stakes of political contestation became extraordinarily high, the major protagonists were quite willing to depart from tradition to determine outcomes. Realising its instrumental worth, the UMNO elites manufactured tradition to legitimise deviations from established norms. But in the process of reinventing the wheel, the leaders of UMNO inadvertently contributed to the construction of ethnic identity.     

如何突破民办高校筹资的困境

民办高校筹资问题是关系到民办高校能否长足发展的重要问题。本研究从民办高校筹资现状与发展趋势入手,通过分析影响民办高校筹资的经济、政治、文化等因素,提出了民办高校的筹资激励措施,即鼓励多渠道筹资,拓展优质民办高教资源;财税配比组合,引导闲置资金进入民办高教领域;政府搭建桥梁,促进筹资和投资双方的深度合作;完善机制,破解民间投资准入难的问题;转变家族财富传承观,吸引富裕阶层捐资民办高教。     

Climate Conditions,Larvae Free Number,DHF Incidence in Surabaya Indonesia

Dengue is a serious public health problem in Indonesia, including the city of Surabaya. Dengue is endemic Surabaya city in Indonesia. Dengue incidence has been attributed to climatic conditions, this study aimed to determine the relationship of climate conditions （air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, number of days rain, and duration of solar radiation）, the condition of dengue vectors （larvae-free number）, the incidence of DHF （Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever） in Surabaya in 2010-2012. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant correlation among air humidity, rainfall, number of rainy days, and duration of solar radiation with the incidence of DHF. Other climatic conditions such as temperature have no relationship with the incidence of DHF.     

India: A photographic essay

Abstract

A photograph depicts an individual entity: a face, a person, a situation, a scene. A tiny slice of a larger whole. Also, a split-second on the time dimension. And, yet, it is more than a slice, more than a split-second. Contained in it are elements of the universe of which it is a part. Suspended in it is the flow of history. Without this link with the universal, with history, it does not exist. And the universe, the whole, though bigger than any of its particular elements, and bigger even than the sumtotal of these elements, shows itself only through its particular elements.     

Symbolic racism in candidate evaluation: An experiment

The authors explored the symbolic racism construct to determine whether discrimination in the evaluation of political candidates can be attributed to a combination of traditional values and antiblack affect as suggested by Sears. Using an experimental design where candidate race was manipulated in three conditions, they found that differential racial attributions do operate in the evaluation of political candidates. Contrary to expectations, however, no antiblack affect was found to be at work in the evaluation of the black candidate. Findings are discussed in the framework of contemporary assumptions of research on racial reasoning.     

EXTRACTING LABOR FROM ITS OWNER

The Asian economic crisis in 1997 helped bring down Suharto's authoritarian regime in 1998. At the same time it paved the way for more measures of economic liberalization. Some of these measures have taken the form of labor market liberalization, which aims to increase the labor market's ability to adjust to changing economic conditions by clearing what are seen as burdensome regulations, or “rigidities” as they are known in economic parlance. An important instrument in this effort is the private employment agency, which the Manpower Act no. 13/2003 introduced in 2003. This article argues that the introduction of these agencies has created opportunities for various actors in society to take advantage of the less-protected workers in the uncertain waters of the post-Suharto labor regime. In the process, the nature of industrial relations has also been changed in a way that is more predatory than liberal. Ultimately the agencies help erode the hopes for a better life for workers and undermine the revival of labor political rights in Indonesia.     

Globalisation,liberal theory and the spatiality of governance in Sub‐Saharan Africa

The debate over development and democracy is a highly charged one, because the two concepts are open to such divergent interpretation. In recent years, while academics were discovering globalisation, the major international financial institutions have been championing a particular version of the democracy‐development debate centred upon the notion of governance. They contend that democratisation and institutional reforms must occur before or alongside economic development. This article argues that their vision of governance is highly normative and simplifies reality for ideological purposes. This revolves around a particular reading of liberal political economy which sees political institutions as neutral arbiters and civil society as a space of freedom for plural voices. These formulations are implicitly spatial since they see political space as divided neatly into the international, national and local and thereby ignore the multiple power flows between these sites. The article concludes by trying to reformulate some of these concerns around the idea of the developmental state and progressive democracy.